Digestive system

Question 1

What is digestion

Answer 1

In order to obtain nutrients from the food we eat, it needs to be broken down into small molecules so it can be absorbed and use by the cells of the body

Question 2

What are the 2 forms of digestion?

Answer 2

mechanical, and chemical

Question 3

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 3

Mechanical digestion breaks food down physically (large pieces into small pieces)
Mechanical digestion includes chewing which occurs in the mouth and churning which occurs in the stomach
Bile is also used for mechanical digestion of fats in the small intestine

Question 4

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 4

Chemical digestion breaks down food using enzymes and breaks food into its building blocks e.g. proteins are broken into amino acids so they can pass into the bloodstream

Question 5

What are digestive enzymes?

Answer 5

Digestive enzymes are essential to complete the process of breaking down food into small particles

Question 6

What are the 3 main types of digestive enzymes?

Answer 6

Amylases, Proteases, Lipases

Question 7

What are Amylases?

Answer 7

-Digest carbohydrates
-found in the mouth & small intestine

Question 8

What are Proteases?

Answer 8

-Digest protiens
-found in the stomache & small intestine

Question 9

What are Lipases?

Answer 9

-Digest lipids
-Found in small intestine

Question 10

What does saliva contain to break down carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Saliva contains amylase which begins to breakdown carbohydrates.

Question 11

What is chewed up food called?

Answer 11

Bolus

Question 12

What is the movement of the Oesophagus called?

Answer 12

The movement of the oesophagus is called peristalsis and is waves of muscular contraction.

Question 13

What happens to food once it reaches the stomach?

Answer 13

When the bolus reaches the stomach it undergoes more mechanical digestion by churning. Protein will begin to be chemically broken down here as protease is added to the material in the stomach.

Question 14

How does the stomach digest food?

Answer 14

The stomach is very acidic as it also produces hydrochloric acid which activates the protease and destroys foreign material.

Question 15

How is food digested in the small intestine?

Answer 15

Food is emptied into the small intestine from the stomach bile is added from the liver to help mechanically breakdown lipids.
More enzymes (amylase, protease and lipase) are added from the pancreas to complete the chemical digestion of the food.

Question 16

Where do the nutrients pass into the blood stream?

Answer 16

Small intenstine

Question 17

What do villi do?

Answer 17

Absorb nutrients

Question 18

What does the liver produce?

Answer 18

it produces bile which assists the mechanical digestion of lipids

Question 19

What does bile do?

Answer 19

It breaks up large globules of fat into small ones in a process called emulsification.

Question 20

Where is bile stored?

Answer 20

Bile is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine.

Question 21

What does the pancrease produce?

Answer 21

The pancreas makes all three types of digestive enzymes – amylases, proteases and lipases.