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54/64 Unit 3 > Respirtory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Respirtory Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How should the nurse administer two inhalers, one of which is a bronchodilator and the other one being steroid-based?

A

Give the bronchodilator first, wait 5 min (allow bronchioles to open up), give the second inhaler

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2
Q

Side effects of anticholinergics

A

Can’t see, pee, spit, shit: blurred vision and dilated pupils (mydriasis), urinary retention, dry mouth and eyes, decreased sweat, constipation, flushed face, delirium and confusion, increased body temperature

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3
Q

Upper respiratory drug classes

A

Antitussives, expectorants, decongestants, antihistamines

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4
Q

Class of medications that work by suppressing the cough reflex

A

Antitussives

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5
Q

Example of non-opioid antitussive

A

Dextromethorphan

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6
Q

Characteristics of non-opioid antitussives such as dextromethorphan

A

Chemically related to opiates, affects cough center in brain, rare to see CNS side effects in recommended dose of 15 mg

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7
Q

Example of opioid Antitussive

A

Codeine

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8
Q

Characteristics of opioid antitussives such as codeine

A

Many SE (sedation, delirium), used in numerous cough syrup preparations and is often combined with other respiratory drugs

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9
Q

Class of medication that liquefies and decreases viscosity of secretions so it is easier to cough up

A

Expectorants

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10
Q

Expectorants patient education

A

Essential to take with full glass of water and drink water frequently while on these medications

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11
Q

Example of expectorant

A

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

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12
Q

Oral and topical agents used to treat nasal congestion associated with the common cold

A

Decongestants

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13
Q

Examples of decongestants

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Neo-synephrine) nasal spray

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14
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) side effects

A

Heart palpitations, restlessness, shakiness, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth, headaches

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) contraindications

A

Hypertension

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16
Q

Class of medication that block histamines released in response to allergens that cause constriction of bronchioles and increased secretions

A

Antihistamines

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17
Q

Example of first generation antihistamine

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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18
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) side effects

A

Sedation and anticholinergic effects

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19
Q

Examples of second generation antihistamines

A

Fexofenadine (Allegra), loratidine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec)

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20
Q

Benefits of second generation antihistamines

A

Fewer anticholinergic side effects and do not cause sedation

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21
Q

Lower respiratory medication classes

A

Mucolytics, bronchodilators (adrenergics, methylxanthines), anticholinergics, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene antagonists, steroids (PO or inhaled), analeptics

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22
Q

Drugs that break up thick, tenacious secretions

A

Mucolytics

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23
Q

Mucolytics route of administration

A

Inhalation

24
Q

Mucolytics indications

A

COPD, cystic fibrosis

25
Example of Mucolytic
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
26
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) patient education
Smells like rotten eggs! May have side effect such as bronchospasm, burning in airway, and nausea. Given PO/IV for Tylenol overdose
27
Class of medication that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by acting as agonists on beta 2 receptors
Bronchodilators
28
Adrenergic bronchodilators
Nonselective alpha and beta, non-selective beta (beta 1 in heart, beta 2 in lungs), noncatecholamine beta 2 (short and long acting beta agonist - SABA and LABA)
29
Example of nonselective alpha and beta adrenergic bronchodilator
Epinephrine (EpiPen)
30
Example of nonselective beta adrenergic bronchodilator
Isoproterenol
31
Side effect of isoproterenol
Pink sputum
32
Examples of short acting beta agonist (SABA) known as “rescue inhalers”
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) and metaproterenol (Alupent)
33
Example of long-acting beta agonist (LABA)
Salmeterol (Serevent)
34
Subclass of bronchodilators that are metabolized into caffeine in the liver
Methylxanthines
35
SE of methylxanthines
Similar to caffeine toxicity, develop tolerance after 2 weeks
36
Methylxanthines have a low therapeutic window and become toxic over ___ mcg/mL
20
37
Examples of methylxanthines
Theophylline, aminophylline
38
Methylxanthines contraindications
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, cardiac problems, hypertension, glaucoma
39
Methylxanthines considerations
Children metabolize faster, smokers need higher doses of
40
Class of medication that blocks acetylcholine resulting in bronchodilation
Anticholinergics
41
Example of anticholinergic
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
42
Cells that release mediations in response to allergens causing inflammation
Mast cells
43
Class of medication that prevent mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, kinins, etc.
Mast cell stabilizers
44
Mast cell stabilizers patient education
Takes several weeks to see effects, NO benefit during acute attack
45
Class of medication that can sometimes be used for exercise-induced asthma
Mast cell stabilizers
46
Example of mast-cell stabilizer
Cromolyn sodium (Intal)
47
Inflammatory mediators that are 1000x more potent than histamines and cause smooth muscle constriction, edema, and mucus production
Leukotrienes
48
Class of medication used for prevention of allergies and asthma; NOT for acute episodes
Leukotriene antagonists
49
Example of leukotriene antagonist
Montelukast (Singulair)
50
Montelukast (Singulair) black box warning
Increased risk of depressive effects
51
Class of medication that can be inhaled, taken PO, or IV and are useful in the treatment of lower respiratory conditions
Steroids
52
Steroids given through the _________ route have less side effects (not systemic) and are limited more to the lungs
Inhaled
53
Examples of inhaled corticosteroids
Fluticasone, budesonide, beclomethasone
54
Corticosteroids that can be taken IV or orally
Methylprednisolone, prednisone
55
Class of medication that stimulate respiration
Analeptics
56
Example of analeptics that stimulates respiratory center in the medulla and is used in newborn apnea in premature infants
Caffeine
57
Example of analeptic that activates carotid chemoreceptors and is often used in the PACU/after surgery
Doxapram

54/64 Unit 3 (8 decks)

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