Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathogeneic Micro > Respirtory Diseases Exam 3 > Flashcards

Respirtory Diseases Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of otitis media?

A

S. pneumoniae g+ dilococci
H. influenzae g- rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is otitis media transmitted?

A

Endogenous flora from the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Pathogenic factors cause Otitis media

A

Allergies,
viral infection,
pressure on the ear drum,
bacteria from nasopharynx travels to the eustachian tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Otitis Media is diagnosed by __ and treated by ___

A

Otoscopic aspiration
Broad spectrum AB - Vaccine for S. pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a buldging eardrum indicitive of?

A

Otitis Media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What species of bacteria cause Streptococcal Pharyngitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is strep throat transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What Pathogenic factors cause Strep throat

A

MSCRAMMs
M-protein
Tonsillitis
Swollen cervical lymph nodes
Lipoteichoic acid- binds pharyngeal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bacteria are responsible for Scarlet Fever

A

S. pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What toxin causes scarlet fever?

A

SpeA- Erythrogenic Toxin- caused by S.pyogenes
damages endothelial cells and a superantigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two diseases that can arrise as a result of strep throat?

A

Scarlet fever and Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you diagnosis Strep throat

A

EIA test ENzyme immunoassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is EIA?

A

technique that uses ABs linked to enzymes to measure substance in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common treatments for Strep throat

A

Penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the causative agent of Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae G+

rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is diphtheria Transmitted

A

Respiratory droplets or direct contact for prolonged periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathogenesis of Diphtheria

A

Diphtheria Toxin (A-B)
B- binds EGF
A- ADP ribosylates EF-2
Destroys Epithelium and causes inflammation
Toxin spreads to other tissues
Forms a pseudomembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Symptoms of Diptheria

A

Swollen neck
Fever
Difficulty breathing
White tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you diagnose Diptheria?

A

CTBA plate - Metalic sheen on cysteine tellurite blood agar plate
TOxin testing
immuodiffusion
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antitoxins, antibiotics are used to treat ____

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the TDaP or Tdap vaccine do?

A

Prevents Diphtheria by inhibiting Diphtheria toxoid
Also prevents Whooping cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which respirtory disease do Bordetella pertussis cause? and describe the strain.

A

Whooping cough
G- aerobic coccobacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does whooping cough cause disease?

A

Filamentous hemaglutannin(Fha) attach to respiratory cells and Macs (aveoli macrophages)
Tracheal cytotoxin- damages cilia
Pertussis toxin (A-B)
We dont know what B binds to
A- ADP ribosylates G-Proteins
Increase cAMP
INcrease respiratory and Mucous Secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the 3 stages of whooping cough

A
  1. 1-2weeks catarrhal stage similar to common cold
  2. 2-4 weeks Paroxysmal stage violent coughing
  3. 3-4 weeks Convalescence stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How to diagnosis whooping cough?
PCR culture Bordet-Gengou agar IFA
26
What genus is responsible for TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
27
Describe Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Acid-fast aerobic rod
28
How is TB transmitted
Respiratory droplets only Active TB 90% are latent
29
Fever, malaise,cough are indicitive of what respiratory disease
TB Also it can be reactivated later in life
30
How is TB diagnosed
Skin test + = current or previous infection Followed by CT exam, X-Ray, acid-fast stainng/culturing
31
How is TB treated?
Multiple ABs Isoniazid- inhibits mycolic acid synth Rifampin- inhibits protein synth Pyrazinamide Ethambutol
32
How is TB prevented
Live avirulent M. bovis vaccine 30-40% effective Not widely used in US
33
Pneumococcal Pneumonia has what genus
Streptococcus pneumoniae G+ diplococci a-hemolytic
34
How is Pneumococcal Pneumonia transmitted?
Normal flora of URT and respiratory droplets
35
Pathogenesis of Pneu. Pneumonia
MSCRAMMs (PfbA) Capsule to avoid phagocytic cells Pneumolysin - pore forming toxin destroys ciliated epithelial cells degrades hemoglobin Alveoli fills with fluids and interferes with O2 uptake
36
Symptoms of Pneu Pneumonia
Fever, sharp pleural pain Bloody sputum (saliva and mucous)
37
PP is diagnosed how?
Optocin inhibition test or bile solubility test serological typing of bacteria Quellung reaction look at slide
38
PP treatment and prevention?
Penicillin fluoroquinolones Prevented by Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-prevnar 13
39
Haemophilus influenzae genus is what type of gram cell and what is the shape?
G- coccobacillus
40
Haemophilus influenzae is transmitted by?
Respirtory droplets normal flora
41
Pathogenesis of hemophilus inflluenzae
Fimbriae Capsule - polyribitol phoshpate PRP Endotoxin IgA protease Similar to pneumococcal pneumonia
42
Haemophilus influenzae is diagnosed by
Isolation; special media for nutritional requirments X hemin and V vitamin
43
What is used to treat Haemophilus inflenzae
Cephalosoporins
44
Mycoplasmal pneumonia is transmitted by ___
Respiratory droplets
45
Pathogenesis of Mycoplasmal pneumonia
P1 adhesion binds cilia Destruction of ciliated epithelial cells Mild but persistent respiratory symptoms
46
Symptoms of Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Low fever dry cough headache Persistent respiratory symptoms
47
How is mycoplasmal pneumonia diagnosed and treated?
diagnosed by PCR and serological testing 1:64 treated by tetracyclines
48
Chlamydial penumonia is caused by____
G variable obligate intracellular bacteria
49
Chlamyial penumonia is transmitted by ____ ____
respirtory droplets
50
pathogenesis of chlamyial penumonia
MOMPS- attachment inhibition of phagolysosomal function complex life cycle
51
How is chlamydial pneumonia diagnosed?
Serology > 1:512 Treatment is tetracyclines
52
How many agents for common cold and what are they mostly?
200+ nonenveloped thinoviruses RNA
53
How is the common cold transmitted?
fingers and respiratory droplets
54
Pathogenesis of cold
ICAM-1 and LDLR on nasal epithelial cells TEmps slightly lower than body temp Nasal discharge cough headache
55
HOw is the common cold diagnosed?
NOne
56
Treatment of the common cold
SUpportive Cold EZ mucinex dayquil tylenol
57
What is influenza?
Enveloped RNA virus A, B, C
58
How is Influenza spread?
Respiratory aerosols
59
pathogenesis of Influenza
Hemaglutinin H spikes attach to host cells Neruraminidase N spikes used to release virus from cell Damaged respiratory epithelium
60
Symptoms of influenza
CHills, fever, headache, muscle aches 1% mortality for old and young people
61
What is antigenic drift?
Constantly happening point mutations in genes encoding H or N spikes may involve 1 amino acid Allows virus to avoid mucosal IgA antibodies
62
Antigenic shfit
Major changes in H and N spikes Genetic recomb between different strains infecting same cell
63
How is influenza diagnosed?
EIA, PCR , culture
64
How is influenza treated?
Oseltamivir inhibits neuraminidase Xofluza inhibits viral endonuclease required fro replication
65
Influenza vaccine
Multivalent vaccine h3n2a h1n1 B Inactivated Modified live (FluMist)
66
Respiratory syncytial virus RSV is what?
Enveloped RNA virus
67
How is it transmitted? how dangerous?
4500 baby deaths transmitted by infected secretions
68
Pathogenesis of RSV?
G glycoprotein causes attachement F glycoprotein causes cell fusion (syncytium) Pneumonia in infants necrosis and inflammation plugs bronchioles and alveoli
69
RSV is diagnosed by ___
Serology and PCR
70
RSV is treated by ___
Ribavirin
71
RSV is prevented by
Palivizumab- mAb directed against the F protein premature babies infants with lung disease
72
What is covid-19?
Enveloped RNA SARS CoV-2 virus

Pathogeneic Micro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions