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Pathogeneic Micro > Exam 4 Diseases Nervous system > Flashcards

Exam 4 Diseases Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is Meninges?

A

3 layers that protect the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of Meniges

A

Dura mater- Outermost layer
Arachnoid mater- MIddle layer
Pia mater- Inner layer

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3
Q

What is Meningitis?

A

INflammation of meninges

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4
Q

What is encehalitis?

A

INflammation of the brain

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5
Q

What is the blood brain barrier?

A
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6
Q

What is Bacterial Meningitis?

A

Acute purulent meningitis

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7
Q

How is Bacterial Menigitis gaining access to CNS?

A

Blood borne spread
Viral infections before hand
CHoroid plexus

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8
Q

How is Bacterial Menigitis Diagnosised

A

USually by gram stain or latex agglutination of CSF ()

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9
Q

How is bacterial menigitis treated

A

Cephalosoprins, vancomycin, steroids

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10
Q

What type of bacteria cause Bacterial meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia,
Haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis

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11
Q

What does streptococcus pneumonia do to cause bacterial meningitis?

A

NanA- penetrates the blood brain barrier then attaches and is uptook by brain microvasculature endothelial cells.

30% mortality in children
80% in elderly

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12
Q

What vaccine is effective against streptococcus pneumonia?

A

PCV prevnar13

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13
Q

What does haemopgilus influenzae do to cause Bacterial menigitis?

A

Pathogenic factor Capsule antigen type B

5-10% mortality

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14
Q

Haemophilus influenzae vaccine?

A

Hib conjugate vaccine

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15
Q

What does neisseria meningitidis do to cause disease?

A

Pathogenic factors:
Pili- attachment
LOS- lacks O-antigen and contains sialic acid
Capsule (A,B,C,Y,W-135)
IgA protease
Endotoxin
Begins as a throat infection, petechial rash

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16
Q

How is neisseria menigitidis treated?

A

Pophylaxis Rifampin- inhibits RNA polymerase

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17
Q

How is neisseria menigitdis prevented

A

Type B vaccine
Vaccination(A,B,C,Y,W-135)

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18
Q

Describe Neisseria meningitidis characteristics.

A

G-
Aerobic
Diplococci

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19
Q

What is tetanus caused by?

A

Clostridium tetani

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20
Q

Describe Clostridium tetani characteristics.

A

G+
Rod
Endospore forming
Obligate anaerobe

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21
Q

How is Tetanus tranismitted?

A

Soil especially manure treated soils

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22
Q

What are the pathogeneic factors of Tetanus?

A

Tetanospasmin(A-B toxin)

B- binds motor neurons gangliosides (GT1b)

A - Degrades synaptobrevin II in the nerve endings of the presynaptic membrane
- Blocks release of
- glycine and GABA

23
Q

How do you identify tetanus?

A

Replicates in deep wounds
Muscle twitching
Lockjaw
Paralysis
Death

24
Q

How is tetanus diagnosed?

A

Clinical

25
Q

How is tetanus treated?

A

ABs
Tetanus immune globulin

26
Q

What vaccine is used to prevent Tetanus?

A

Dtap and Tdap boosters
Tetanus toxoid

27
Q

What causes Botulism?

A

Clostridium Botulinum

28
Q

Describe Clostridium BOtulinum.

A

G+
Rod
Endospore forming
obligate anaerobe

29
Q

HOw is Botulism transmitted?

A

Contaminated canned foods (Veggies)

30
Q

What are the pathogeneic factors of Botulism?

A

A-B toxin botulinum toxin
B binds GT1b
A- degrades the proteins responsible for releasing acetylchloline (SNAP 25).

Toxins A, B, E
A most potent

31
Q

How do you identify Botulism?

A

Botulinum toxin
Blurred vision
Flaccid paralysis
Swallowing difficulty

32
Q

What is Infant Botulism caused by?

A

C. Botulinum in intestines
70%
Never give honey to >1yr old
-lack normal flora less acidity
-spores gerinate in small intestine and produce the botulinum toxin

33
Q

What is Wound botulism?

A

growth of C. botulinum in wounds

34
Q

How is botulism diagnosed?

A

EIA for toxin in feces, gastric contents, tissues

35
Q

How is botulism prevented?

A

Proper canning
NItrites prevent endospore germination
No vaccine- potency of toxin, low yields, IND

36
Q

How is botulism treated?

A

ANtitoxins < 24 hrs after onset of symptoms
Vomiting/Enemas
Assisted breathing if paralysis has set in

37
Q

What causes rabies?

A

enveloped RNA virus

38
Q

How is rabies transmitted?

A

Animal bites
Aerosol

39
Q

Name pathogenic factors of Rabies

A

Glycoprotein G spikes

40
Q

What are signs of rabies?

A

Muscle spass of mouth and pharynx
Halucinations, increased salivation
hydrophobia
coma/death
FLu like
abnormal sensations around wound

41
Q

What does rabies do once it is in the system?

A

INfects neuromuscular junctions
causes cell death
attaches to peripheral neuron protein via Glycoprotein G spikes

42
Q

How is rabies diagnosed?

A

IFA in neck biopsy
PCR saliva
Negri bodies in brain tissue

43
Q

HOw is rabies treated?

A

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (HDCV)

Post exposure
Vaccine plus rabies immune globulin (RIG)

44
Q

What causes Poliomyelitis?

A

poliovirus
Nonenveloped RNA

45
Q

How is polio transmitted?

A

Fecal oral
human only host

46
Q

Name pathogeneic factors of Polio

A

Viremia

47
Q

What does polio do in the body?

A

Causes sore throat and nausea via CD155 in the small intestine and tonsils

Virus may enter CNS

Cytolytic for motor neurons in the brain stem and anterior horn
-causes destruction of motor cells and paralysis <1% io cases

Not very efficent at infecting cells

48
Q

What is postpolio syndrome?

A

Muscle wasting and weakness years after recovery due to loss of motor neurons.

49
Q

How is polio diagnosed?

A

VIrus isolated from feces.
PCR throat swabs

50
Q

How is polio treated?

A

Ventilator
Physical therapy

51
Q

How is polio prevented?

A

Salk vaccine (inactivated series of injections)

Sabine vaccine (trivalent attenuated) oral.

52
Q

What is botulinum toxin?

A

AB toxin
B binds GT1b
A degrades SNAP 25
- proteins responsible for realsing acetlycholine

53
Q

What is Tetanospasmin?

A

AB toxin
B bind GT1b
-motor neuron gangliosides
A degrades synaptobrevin II in the nerve endings of the presynaptic membrane
-blocks release of glycine and GABA

Pathogeneic Micro (7 decks)

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