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Pathogeneic Micro > Exam 4 Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal and Urogenital Systems > Flashcards

Exam 4 Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal and Urogenital Systems Flashcards

1
Q

For the lower digestive system how long do pathogens grow from the moment of infection.

A

12 hours to 2 weeks

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2
Q

How long before symptoms appear after ingestion of a toxin?

A

1-48hrs

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3
Q

What symptoms are related to Gastroenteritis?

A

Diarrhea
Dysentery-

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4
Q

How do you treat diseases of the lower digestive system?

A

Rehydration therapy
-Water
-Na+
-Glucose

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5
Q

What species causes food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

What causes the symptoms of food poisoning?

A

Toxins

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7
Q

What 4 pathogeneic factors are in staphylococcal food poisoning from the ingestion of preformed toxin SEB?

A

Heat stable
Acid stable
Protease stable
Superantigen

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

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9
Q

How is staphylococcal food poisoning diagnosed? treated?

A

Clinical
Phage typing

Treatment = none

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10
Q

What species causes Gastroenteritis?

A

E. coli

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11
Q

Describe E. coli.

A

Lactose fermenting
Gram negative rod
Facultative anaerobe

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12
Q

What are the pathogenesis factors for E. coli?

A

Fimbriae
Produce toxins
-LT toxin stimulates fluid secretion
-ST toxin stimulates fluid secretion
-Shiga-like toxin- cytotoxic

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13
Q

What is the origin of many ETEC infections? (Enterotoxigenic E. coli)

A

Contaminated water

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14
Q

Where does ETEC cause infection?

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

What enterotoxins are produced by ETEC?

A

LT enterotoxin
ST enterotoxin

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16
Q

What does LT enterotoxin do? (AB)

A

GM gangliosides
ADP ribosylation of G proteins
Increased levels cAMP
Electrolyte and fluid secretion

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17
Q

What does ST enterotoxin do? (small peptide)

A

Guanylate cyclase receptor
Intracellular accumulation of cGMP
Electrolyte and fluid secretion

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of ETEC infection?

A

Watery diarrhea (3-5 days)
cramps, nausea, bloating
No inflammation
No speading

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19
Q

How do people get infected with EHEC?

A

Contaminated food (beef, veggies, fruits)

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20
Q

Which organ does EHEC reside?

A

Large intestine

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of a EHEC infection?

A

Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Fever

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22
Q

What does the shiga-like toxin from EHEC do? (phage encoded)

A

Stops protein synthesis by attacking the ribosomes
Binds to GB3 (globotriaosylceramids)

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23
Q

What happens as a result of a EHEC hemolytic uremic syndrom infection?

A

Kidney failure
E. coli O157:H7

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24
Q

How is E. coli gastroenteritis diagnosed?

A

MacConky’s agar
EMB
SMAC

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25
How is E. coli gastroenteritis treated?
Quinolones Cephalosporins Rehydration therapy
26
How is E. coli Gastroenteritis avoided?
avoid uncooked food, unpasterurized dairy products unpurified water
27
What causes salmonellosis and typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica Enteritidis
28
Describe Salmonella enterica.
Non-lactose fermenting G- rod Facultative anaerobe
29
How is Salmonellosis or typhoid fever transmitted?
Contaminated poultry products
30
What causes the initial infection of salmonellosis and typhoid?
Contaminated poultry products Large dose 10^5
31
What do salmonella invade?
intestinal Epithelial cells -By TTSS- SopE
32
What type of toxin do salmonella release?
Endotoxin- causes inflammation
33
What are the symptoms of a Salmonella enterica infection?
Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea 12-48 hrs later 3-5days
34
What causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica typhi
35
How do people normally get infected with typhoid?
by contaminated food/water Humans are the sole reservoir
36
How do Salmonella enterica typhi cause disease?
Invades epithelial cells via invasin Invades macrophages and inhibits oxidative burst -Vi antigen resist oxidative killing Liver necrosis
37
What are the symptoms of a salmonella enterica typhi infection?
Fever Constipation Delirium Tender abdomen onset of illness is slow liver necrosis Intestinal hemorrhage
38
What dose is need to cause typhoid fever?
Low dose
39
Can you become a chronic carrier of typhoid?
Yes 1-3% do
40
How is salmonellosis and typhoid fever diagnosed?
Slide agglultination
41
What biochemical results are needed to identify S. enterica Enteritidis?
Colorless colonies on MacConkey's and EMB plates TSI K/A +, H2S
42
What biochemical results are needed to identify S. enterica Typhi?
Colorless colonies on MC's and EMB TSI- K/A -
43
How is salmonellosis treated?
Rehydration
44
How is typhoid fever treated?
Quinolones Cephalosporins Removal of gall bladder
45
How do you prevent typhoid fever or salmonellosis?
Proper cooking and pasteurization Tyhoid vaccine- travelers
46
What species causes campylobacter gastroenteritis?
Campylobacter jejuni
47
Describe campylobacter jejuni.
G- rods microaerophilic Curved
48
Where does Campylobacter gastroenteritis exsist?
Undercooked poultry unpasterurized dairy products Fecal/oral animal to human
49
How many CFUs to get Campylobacter Gastroenteritis?
Low dose < 500 cfus
50
Describe pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni
Flagella LPS Cyotlethal distending toxin Siderophore
51
Describe the pathway to cause an infection in the body
Invades epithelium cause inflammation Cell death via distending toxin
52
What are the symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni infection?
Watery foul smelling diarrhea Bloody diarrhea Fever Sever abdominal pain associated with guillian barre syndrome 1/1000 -peripheral nerve gangliosides similar to lipids in lps
53
How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis diagnosed?
Culture stool specimen at 42 degrees under microerophilic conditions containing several antibiotics CVA agar
54
How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis treated?
REhydration therapy QUinolones, erythromycin
55
How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis prevented?
Personal hygiene
56
What are the most common cause of Viral gastroenteritis in children?
Rotavirus RNA
57
What type of virus are rotavirus?
RNA nonenveloped?
58
How is Viral gastroenteritis transmitted?
Fecal/oral
59
Where does the Viral gastro... infect?
small intestine
60
what does viral gastro do to water absorption?
Interferes by NSP4- induces secretion
61
What are the symptoms of a viral gastro?
Watery diarrhea vomiting fever abdominal pain dehydration in infants cause for concern
62
How is a viral gastro diagnosed?
EIA
63
How is viral gastro treated?
Oral rehydration therapy
64
How are viral gastros prevented?
Modified live oral vaccine
65
What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults?
Norovirus
66
Describe norovirus
RNA nonenveloped
67
how are norovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed?
molecular
68
How is norovirus prevented?
Bleach
69
Are UTIs sex or age dependent?
yes
70
Are UTIs sex or age dependent?
yes 8x females
71
What is Urethritis?
Inflmmation of the urethra
72
Cystitis?
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
73
pyelonephritis?
inflammation of one or both kidneys
74
what are the causative agents of Cystitis?
E. coli 80% S. saprophyticus
75
How do E.coli cause cystitis?
P fimbriae binds D gal D gal
76
How do S. saprophyticus cause cystitis?
hemagglutinin
77
What are common symtoms in cystitis?
Dysuria (painful urination) Pyuria (pus in urine) Urgency Frequency
78
How is Cystitis diagnosed?
LE test 10^ 4 cfu
79
How is Cystitis treated?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)
80
Pyelonephritis is caused by?
E. coli normally
81
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis
Fever Chills Headache back or flank pain
82
How is pyelonephritis diagnosed?
LE test 10^4 cfu
83
How is pyelonephritis treated?
Bactrim fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) cephalosporins (keflex)
84
What the the 5 STIs
gonorrhoeae chlamydia syphilis genital warts HIV
85
What species causes gonorrhea?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
86
Are people with gonorrhea symptomatic?
asymtomatic carriers
87
Name pathogenesis factors of gonorrhea
Fimbriae Invade tissues LOS -inflammation Opa proteins prevent CD4+ T-cell proliferation Antigenic variation
88
gonorrhea infects ___ in men and ___ in women
Urethra in men Cervix in women
89
Gonorrhea may lead to ____ if untreated
Endocarditis Meningitis Arthritis Ophthalmia neonatorum
90
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in men?
95% asymptomatic painful urination and discharge of pus
91
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in women?
50% asymptomatic Few symptoms Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) -infection of the fallopian tubes
92
How is gonorrhea diagnosed?
Gram stain ELISA PCR
93
How is Gonorrhea treated?
Fluoroquinolones Doxycycline Ceftriaxone
94
What are 3 pathogenic factors of chlamydia?
MOMPs Invade epithelial cells IL-8 release -inflammation
95
What are the symptoms of Chlamydia for men?
Painful urination and watery discharge
96
What are the symptoms of Chlamydia for women?
possible complications such as PID ectopic pregnancies
97
How is Chlamydia diagnosed?
Culturing PCR
98
How is chlamydia treated?
Doxycycline azithromycin (Z-pac)
99
What species causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
100
How is syphilis transmitted?
Person to person
101
How does syphilis cause disease?
Invades mucosa or through skin breaks
102
what are the 3 stages of syphilis?
Primary- 2-10weeks Secondary- 2-10weeks after chancre heals Tertiary
103
How long is the latent period of syphilis?
3-15 years
104
What is a chancre?
open wart type wound on genitals
105
what are the symptoms of the secondary stage of syphillis?
Skin and mucosal rashes FLu- symptoms swollen lymph nodes headaches muscle aches
106
What are gummas and what stage are they present?
Tertiary stage Rubbery mass of tissue on many organs
107
What does the tertiary stage of syphilis entail?
Numbness paralysis difficulty coordinating gradual blindness dementia
108
WHat is congenital?
neurological damage

Pathogeneic Micro (7 decks)

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