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Pathogeneic Micro > Exam 4 Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal and Urogenital Systems > Flashcards

Exam 4 Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal and Urogenital Systems Flashcards

1
Q

For the lower digestive system how long do pathogens grow from the moment of infection.

A

12 hours to 2 weeks

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2
Q

How long before symptoms appear after ingestion of a toxin?

A

1-48hrs

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3
Q

What symptoms are related to Gastroenteritis?

A

Diarrhea
Dysentery-

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4
Q

How do you treat diseases of the lower digestive system?

A

Rehydration therapy
-Water
-Na+
-Glucose

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5
Q

What species causes food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

What causes the symptoms of food poisoning?

A

Toxins

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7
Q

What 4 pathogeneic factors are in staphylococcal food poisoning from the ingestion of preformed toxin SEB?

A

Heat stable
Acid stable
Protease stable
Superantigen

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning?

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal cramping

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9
Q

How is staphylococcal food poisoning diagnosed? treated?

A

Clinical
Phage typing

Treatment = none

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10
Q

What species causes Gastroenteritis?

A

E. coli

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11
Q

Describe E. coli.

A

Lactose fermenting
Gram negative rod
Facultative anaerobe

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12
Q

What are the pathogenesis factors for E. coli?

A

Fimbriae
Produce toxins
-LT toxin stimulates fluid secretion
-ST toxin stimulates fluid secretion
-Shiga-like toxin- cytotoxic

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13
Q

What is the origin of many ETEC infections? (Enterotoxigenic E. coli)

A

Contaminated water

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14
Q

Where does ETEC cause infection?

A

Small intestine

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15
Q

What enterotoxins are produced by ETEC?

A

LT enterotoxin
ST enterotoxin

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16
Q

What does LT enterotoxin do? (AB)

A

GM gangliosides
ADP ribosylation of G proteins
Increased levels cAMP
Electrolyte and fluid secretion

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17
Q

What does ST enterotoxin do? (small peptide)

A

Guanylate cyclase receptor
Intracellular accumulation of cGMP
Electrolyte and fluid secretion

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of ETEC infection?

A

Watery diarrhea (3-5 days)
cramps, nausea, bloating
No inflammation
No speading

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19
Q

How do people get infected with EHEC?

A

Contaminated food (beef, veggies, fruits)

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20
Q

Which organ does EHEC reside?

A

Large intestine

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of a EHEC infection?

A

Bloody diarrhea
Abdominal cramping
Fever

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22
Q

What does the shiga-like toxin from EHEC do? (phage encoded)

A

Stops protein synthesis by attacking the ribosomes
Binds to GB3 (globotriaosylceramids)

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23
Q

What happens as a result of a EHEC hemolytic uremic syndrom infection?

A

Kidney failure
E. coli O157:H7

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24
Q

How is E. coli gastroenteritis diagnosed?

A

MacConky’s agar
EMB
SMAC

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25
Q

How is E. coli gastroenteritis treated?

A

Quinolones
Cephalosporins
Rehydration therapy

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26
Q

How is E. coli Gastroenteritis avoided?

A

avoid uncooked food, unpasterurized dairy products
unpurified water

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27
Q

What causes salmonellosis and typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella enterica Enteritidis

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28
Q

Describe Salmonella enterica.

A

Non-lactose fermenting
G- rod
Facultative anaerobe

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29
Q

How is Salmonellosis or typhoid fever transmitted?

A

Contaminated poultry products

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30
Q

What causes the initial infection of salmonellosis and typhoid?

A

Contaminated poultry products
Large dose 10^5

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31
Q

What do salmonella invade?

A

intestinal Epithelial cells
-By TTSS- SopE

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32
Q

What type of toxin do salmonella release?

A

Endotoxin- causes inflammation

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33
Q

What are the symptoms of a Salmonella enterica infection?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea 12-48 hrs later 3-5days

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34
Q

What causes typhoid fever?

A

Salmonella enterica typhi

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35
Q

How do people normally get infected with typhoid?

A

by contaminated food/water
Humans are the sole reservoir

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36
Q

How do Salmonella enterica typhi cause disease?

A

Invades epithelial cells via invasin
Invades macrophages and inhibits oxidative burst
-Vi antigen resist oxidative killing
Liver necrosis

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37
Q

What are the symptoms of a salmonella enterica typhi infection?

A

Fever
Constipation
Delirium
Tender abdomen
onset of illness is slow
liver necrosis
Intestinal hemorrhage

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38
Q

What dose is need to cause typhoid fever?

A

Low dose

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39
Q

Can you become a chronic carrier of typhoid?

A

Yes 1-3% do

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40
Q

How is salmonellosis and typhoid fever diagnosed?

A

Slide agglultination

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41
Q

What biochemical results are needed to identify S. enterica Enteritidis?

A

Colorless colonies on MacConkey’s and EMB plates
TSI K/A +, H2S

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42
Q

What biochemical results are needed to identify S. enterica Typhi?

A

Colorless colonies on MC’s and EMB
TSI- K/A -

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43
Q

How is salmonellosis treated?

A

Rehydration

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44
Q

How is typhoid fever treated?

A

Quinolones
Cephalosporins
Removal of gall bladder

45
Q

How do you prevent typhoid fever or salmonellosis?

A

Proper cooking and pasteurization
Tyhoid vaccine- travelers

46
Q

What species causes campylobacter gastroenteritis?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

47
Q

Describe campylobacter jejuni.

A

G- rods
microaerophilic
Curved

48
Q

Where does Campylobacter gastroenteritis exsist?

A

Undercooked poultry
unpasterurized dairy products
Fecal/oral
animal to human

49
Q

How many CFUs to get Campylobacter Gastroenteritis?

A

Low dose < 500 cfus

50
Q

Describe pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni

A

Flagella
LPS
Cyotlethal distending toxin
Siderophore

51
Q

Describe the pathway to cause an infection in the body

A

Invades epithelium
cause inflammation
Cell death via distending toxin

52
Q

What are the symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni infection?

A

Watery foul smelling diarrhea
Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Sever abdominal pain
associated with guillian barre syndrome 1/1000
-peripheral nerve gangliosides similar to lipids in lps

53
Q

How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis diagnosed?

A

Culture stool specimen at 42 degrees under microerophilic conditions containing several antibiotics
CVA agar

54
Q

How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis treated?

A

REhydration therapy
QUinolones, erythromycin

55
Q

How is Campylobacter gastroenteritis prevented?

A

Personal hygiene

56
Q

What are the most common cause of Viral gastroenteritis in children?

A

Rotavirus RNA

57
Q

What type of virus are rotavirus?

A

RNA nonenveloped?

58
Q

How is Viral gastroenteritis transmitted?

A

Fecal/oral

59
Q

Where does the Viral gastro… infect?

A

small intestine

60
Q

what does viral gastro do to water absorption?

A

Interferes by NSP4- induces secretion

61
Q

What are the symptoms of a viral gastro?

A

Watery diarrhea
vomiting
fever
abdominal pain
dehydration in infants cause for concern

62
Q

How is a viral gastro diagnosed?

A

EIA

63
Q

How is viral gastro treated?

A

Oral rehydration therapy

64
Q

How are viral gastros prevented?

A

Modified live oral vaccine

65
Q

What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults?

A

Norovirus

66
Q

Describe norovirus

A

RNA nonenveloped

67
Q

how are norovirus gastroenteritis diagnosed?

A

molecular

68
Q

How is norovirus prevented?

A

Bleach

69
Q

Are UTIs sex or age dependent?

A

yes

70
Q

Are UTIs sex or age dependent?

A

yes
8x females

71
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

Inflmmation of the urethra

72
Q

Cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

73
Q

pyelonephritis?

A

inflammation of one or both kidneys

74
Q

what are the causative agents of Cystitis?

A

E. coli 80%
S. saprophyticus

75
Q

How do E.coli cause cystitis?

A

P fimbriae binds D gal D gal

76
Q

How do S. saprophyticus cause cystitis?

A

hemagglutinin

77
Q

What are common symtoms in cystitis?

A

Dysuria (painful urination)
Pyuria (pus in urine)
Urgency
Frequency

78
Q

How is Cystitis diagnosed?

A

LE test 10^ 4 cfu

79
Q

How is Cystitis treated?

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)

80
Q

Pyelonephritis is caused by?

A

E. coli normally

81
Q

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

A

Fever
Chills
Headache
back or flank pain

82
Q

How is pyelonephritis diagnosed?

A

LE test 10^4 cfu

83
Q

How is pyelonephritis treated?

A

Bactrim
fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
cephalosporins (keflex)

84
Q

What the the 5 STIs

A

gonorrhoeae
chlamydia
syphilis
genital warts
HIV

85
Q

What species causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

86
Q

Are people with gonorrhea symptomatic?

A

asymtomatic carriers

87
Q

Name pathogenesis factors of gonorrhea

A

Fimbriae
Invade tissues
LOS
-inflammation
Opa proteins prevent CD4+ T-cell proliferation
Antigenic variation

88
Q

gonorrhea infects ___ in men and ___ in women

A

Urethra in men
Cervix in women

89
Q

Gonorrhea may lead to ____ if untreated

A

Endocarditis
Meningitis
Arthritis
Ophthalmia neonatorum

90
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in men?

A

95% asymptomatic
painful urination and discharge of pus

91
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in women?

A

50% asymptomatic
Few symptoms
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-infection of the fallopian tubes

92
Q

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

A

Gram stain
ELISA
PCR

93
Q

How is Gonorrhea treated?

A

Fluoroquinolones
Doxycycline
Ceftriaxone

94
Q

What are 3 pathogenic factors of chlamydia?

A

MOMPs
Invade epithelial cells
IL-8 release
-inflammation

95
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia for men?

A

Painful urination and watery discharge

96
Q

What are the symptoms of Chlamydia for women?

A

possible complications such as PID
ectopic pregnancies

97
Q

How is Chlamydia diagnosed?

A

Culturing
PCR

98
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Doxycycline
azithromycin (Z-pac)

99
Q

What species causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

100
Q

How is syphilis transmitted?

A

Person to person

101
Q

How does syphilis cause disease?

A

Invades mucosa or through skin breaks

102
Q

what are the 3 stages of syphilis?

A

Primary- 2-10weeks
Secondary- 2-10weeks after chancre heals
Tertiary

103
Q

How long is the latent period of syphilis?

A

3-15 years

104
Q

What is a chancre?

A

open wart type wound on genitals

105
Q

what are the symptoms of the secondary stage of syphillis?

A

Skin and mucosal rashes
FLu- symptoms
swollen lymph nodes
headaches
muscle aches

106
Q

What are gummas and what stage are they present?

A

Tertiary stage
Rubbery mass of tissue on many organs

107
Q

What does the tertiary stage of syphilis entail?

A

Numbness
paralysis
difficulty coordinating
gradual blindness
dementia

108
Q

WHat is congenital?

A

neurological damage

Pathogeneic Micro (7 decks)

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