Respiratory viruses Flashcards
1
Q
What precaution is taken for droplet infections?
A
- Surgical mask
2
Q
What viruses cause common cold?
A
- Coronavirus
- Rhinovirus
- RSV
- Adenovirus
3
Q
What are the 3 types of influenza viruses?
A
- A: mammalian and avian species
- B & C: humans
4
Q
Which influenza causes pandemics?
A
- Influenza A
5
Q
What is the genome of the influenza virus?
A
- 8 segments
- Antigens: haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
6
Q
What is antigenic drift?
A
- Minor antigen changes
- Transcription errors by DNA polymerase
- YEARLY EPIDEMICS
7
Q
What is antigenic shift?
A
- Major antigenic change
- Genetic re-assortment when two viruses attack host at same time
- PANDEMIC
8
Q
What is the pathogenesis of influenza?
A
- Droplet enters
- HA binds to receptors on host
- NA cleaves sialic acid to allow virus to enter
- Virus causes lymphocyte destruction
- Loss of cilia + inflammation of trachea and bronchi
- Droplet spread
9
Q
What are consequences of viral infection?
A
- Influenza** pneumonia**
- Bacterial superinfection, leading to pneumonia
- Myocarditis, encephalitis
- Reye’s syndrome
- Death
10
Q
What treatment is given for influenza?
A
- Antipyretics
- Analgesia
- Antivirals (Oseltamivir)
11
Q
Who is the influenza vaccine recommended for?
A
Yearly for:
- healthcare workers
- young children
- at risk groups: chronic illness, immunosuppression, pregnant women, obese, older people
12
Q
Who is RSV most common in?
A
- Young children: LRTI
13
Q
What is RSV bronchiolitis?
A
- Inflammation of bronchioles
- first most common cause of childhood hospitalisation
- tachypnoea, wheeze
- apnoea
- cyanosis
- lower lung hyperinflation
14
Q
What is the treatment for RSV?
A
- No effective vaccine
- Antiviral: ribavirin
- Droplet precautions
15
Q
What is parainfluenza and what does it cause?
A
- Four serotypes (4a + 4b)
- Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
- second most common cause of childhood hospitalisation
