Respiratory Tract Diseases

Question 1

What body system(s) and organ(s) does Pharyngitis impact

Answer 1

Upper respiratory (throat)

Question 2

Pharyngitis: What is/are the name of the infectious agent(s) and what is it?

Answer 2

Viruses or Streptococcus pyogenes. Virus or gram-pos bacteria

Question 3

Pharyngitis: How is the infectious agent transmitted

Answer 3

Virus: all contact
Bacteria: droplet or direct

Question 4

Pharyngitis: One main virulence mechanism of the pathogen

Answer 4

Bacteria: Hemolysis (injury of leukocytes), makes capsules

Question 5

Whooping cough infectious agents and what it is, how is it transmitted

Answer 5

Bordetella pertussis. Gram-neg bacteria. Transmitted by droplet

Question 6

Whooping cough: virulence mechanism

Answer 6

• Attachment to epithelial cells.
• Release exotoxins causing damage to cells. Hinders immune response

Question 7

Influenza: what is the infectious agent. What is it. How is it transmitted

Answer 7

Influenza A, B, C virus. Virus, and transmitted by droplet, direct, or indirect

Question 8

Tuberculosis: Infectious agent, what is it, and how is it transmitted?

Answer 8

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria, transmitted by vehicle (indirect) airborne

Question 9

Tuberculosis: virulence mechanism

Answer 9

Avoid phagocytosis. Lipids in wall, the ability to stimulate strong cell immunity

Question 10

Pneumonia: what is it and how is it transmitted?

Answer 10

Virus, bacteria, and fungi, transmitted by Direct, Droplet contact, vehicle transfer (fungal soil)

Question 11

Pneumonia: virulence mechanism

Answer 11

-Formation of capsules
-Cytotoxic damage that eats away at cells.
-Adhesion

Question 12

Common Cold: What are the infectious agents named? what are they? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 12

Over 200 types, most common being rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus. It is a virus, and it is transmitted via indirect or droplet.

Question 13

Sinusitis: What are the infectious agents? how are they transmitted?

Answer 13

Virus, bacteria, and less common fungi. Transmitted via
virus: direct, indirect
Bacteria: endogenous
Fungi: introduction by trauma or opportunistic overgrowth

Question 14

Otitis media: what are the most common cause of the disease? What is it? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 14

Common cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Fungus called Candida auris. It can be a virus, bacteria, or fungi. And it is not communicable (Endogenous).

Question 15

Otitis media: what body system does it affect?

Answer 15

Upper respiratory tract leading to inflammation and build up in ear

Question 16

Influenza: Virulence mechanism

Answer 16

Glycoprotein spikes, antigenic drift and shift.