Oral and GI disease

Question 1

Dental Caries: what are the infectious agents? What is it? And how is it transmitted?

Answer 1

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus seem to be the main causes. A polymicrobial mixture of acid-producing bacteria. They are bacteria. And it is transmitted via Direct contact.

Question 2

Mumps: what is the infectious agent? What is it? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 2

Mumps virus, it is a virus. And it is transmitted via droplet

Question 3

Mumps: What is the virulence factor?

Answer 3

Spike-induced syncytium formation.

Question 4

Gastritis: What is the infectious agent? What is it? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 4

Helicobacter pylori, gram-neg bacteria. Transmitted by oral-oral or oral-fecal.

Question 5

Gastritis: What is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 5

Adhesion, and urease

Question 6

Acute diarrhea- Salmonella: what is the infectious agent? what is it? how is it transmitted?

Answer 6

Salmonella, gram-neg bacteria. Transmitted by vehicle (food/beverage) or fecal-oral.

Question 7

Acute diarrhea- Salmonella: what is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 7

adhesins, endotoxin. Fast growing bacteria. Attaches very well to cells.

Question 8

Acute diarrhea- Shigella: what is the infectious agent? What is it? how is it transmitted?

Answer 8

Shingella, gram-neg bacteria. Transmitted by fecal-oral, or direct contact

Question 9

Acute diarrhea- non-bacterial causes (rotavirus, norovirus): What are the infectious agents, what are they, and how are they transmitted?

Answer 9

Rotavirus, Norovirus which are both viruses. Transmitted by
Rota: Fecal-oral, fomite, vehicle
Noro: indirect or direct, vehicle (food).

Question 10

Acute diarrhea- non-bacterial causes-Cryptosporidium: what is the infectious agent, what is it? and how is it transmitted?

Answer 10

Cryptosporidium, protozoan. Transmitted by Vehicle (water/food), fecal-oral

Question 11

Cryptosporidium: what is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 11

Intracellular growth, penetrates into cells and reproduces. Resistant to chlorine

Question 12

Cholera: what is the infectious agent, what is it and how is it transmitted?

Answer 12

Vibrio cholerae, bacteria, transmitted by vehicle (water/beverages), fecal-oral

Question 13

Hepititis A: what is the infectious agent, what is it and how is it transmitted?

Answer 13

Hepatitis A or E virus, a virus, transmitted by fecal-oral or vehicle.

Question 14

Hepititis A: what is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 14

none

Question 15

Hepatitis B: what is the infectious agent, what is it and how is it transmitted?

Answer 15

Hepatitis B virus, virus, transmitted by parenteral (blood contact) direct contact (usually sexual), vertical

Question 16

Hepatitis B: what is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 16

latency

Question 17

Hepatitis C: what is the infectious agent, what is it and how is it transmitted?

Answer 17

Hepatitis C virus (Hepadnaviridae), it is a virus, transmitted by parenteral (blood contact), vertical, needled

Question 18

Hepatitis C: what is a virulence mechanism?

Answer 18

core protein suppresses immune function.