Respiratory tract and Digestive System Flashcards
Functions of Digestive System
- ingestion
- secretion- release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract
- mixing and propulsion- churning and pushing food through the GI tract
- digestion- mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
- absorption- passage of digested products from the GI tract into the blood and lymph
- defecation- elmination of feces from GI tract
peristalis
adjacent segments that move food along the tract distally.
segmentation
nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs help with food mixing and slow food propulsion to occur.
rugae
gastric folds. they contain glands that produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, a protein- digesting enzyme pepsin
mechanical digestion
mixing of waves that make gastric juice called chyme (kymose juice)
pepsin
chemical digestion converts proteins into peptides by this
What can the stomach absorb?
water, ions, short chain fatty acids, some lip soluble subtances and drugs and achhol.
gullet
entrance for eating
cardia
stomach of esophagus
fundus
bottom
pylorus
gate guard
duodenum
first region of the small intestine
micelles
how long- chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed. these are resynthesized to tritrittriglycerides
jejunum
“empty” high degree of peristaltic activit
ileum
“intestine” vitamin B12 absorption
listeria
diarrhea, fever, muscle aches
unpasterurized milk, soft cheese
campylobacter
nausea, fever, cramps, diarrhea
raw milk, raw meat
clostridium perfringens
nausea, vomting, pain, diarrhea
stews, soups, gravies held at warm temperature
salmonella
diarrhea, chills, fever, vomiting, cramps
undercooked poultry eggs or products containg eggs
escherichia coli
cramps diarrhea, fever, vomiting
contaminated ground beef, unpasteruized juice, milk
campylobacter jejuni
is one of the most common bacterial food poisoning agents
bile
a digestive juice that is secreted by the Liver and STored in the GALLBLADDER
- it assists with fat digestion and absorption in the gut
- it is a means for the BODY TO EXCRETE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BLOOD.
- BILE- IT DOES NOT HAVE ENZYME ACTIVity (unlike pancreas)
BILEEEEEEE
no enzymes
1. emulsify fats- break down small particles
helps the body absorb the breakdown products of fat in the gut.
It contains waste products such as bilirubin and it gets rid of old red blood cells and carries extra cholestrol
LDL
low density protiens “bad
HDL
high density proteins good
salivary amylase
substrate - starches
product- maltose
pepsin and zymogen
chief cells make zymogen first then this makes pesin.
perital cells
they are actively transporting hydrogen cells. They move ions and help balance acidity.
secondary active transport
this energy gradient “ drives the active transport
primary active transport
ATP is used to directly supply the energy that ‘drives’ the active transport process
chylomicron
meaning juice or milky fluid. and micron meaning small particle… these contain good and bad cholesterol
remnan
contains remaining “bad cholesterol after additional HDL’s are formed
mucosa
contains absorptive cells hat absorb water and goblet cells that secrete mucus
mass peristalisis
is a strong peristaltic wave that drives the contents of the colon into the rectum
in large intestine how are substances further boken down and vitamins how are they synthesized
by bacterial action
sigmoid colon
closest to the rectum and anus
diverticulitis
it is involved the the formation fo puches within the bowel wall
ileocecal valve
it is the only site in the GI tract that is used for Vitamin B12 and bile acid absorption
intraperitoneal
it recieves cyme from the ieum
cecum
is an intraperitoneal pouch. it recieves chhyme from illeum
