Respiratory tract and Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of Digestive System

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. secretion- release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract
3. mixing and propulsion- churning and pushing food through the GI tract
4. digestion- mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
5. absorption- passage of digested products from the GI tract into the blood and lymph
6. defecation- elmination of feces from GI tract

Question 2

peristalis

Answer 2

adjacent segments that move food along the tract distally.

Question 3

segmentation

Answer 3

nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs help with food mixing and slow food propulsion to occur.

Question 4

rugae

Answer 4

gastric folds. they contain glands that produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, a protein- digesting enzyme pepsin

Question 5

mechanical digestion

Answer 5

mixing of waves that make gastric juice called chyme (kymose juice)

Question 6

pepsin

Answer 6

chemical digestion converts proteins into peptides by this

Question 7

What can the stomach absorb?

Answer 7

water, ions, short chain fatty acids, some lip soluble subtances and drugs and achhol.

Question 8

gullet

Answer 8

entrance for eating

Question 9

cardia

Answer 9

stomach of esophagus

Question 10

fundus

Answer 10

bottom

Question 11

pylorus

Answer 11

gate guard

Question 12

duodenum

Answer 12

first region of the small intestine

Question 13

micelles

Answer 13

how long- chain fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed. these are resynthesized to tritrittriglycerides

Question 14

jejunum

Answer 14

“empty” high degree of peristaltic activit

Question 15

ileum

Answer 15

“intestine” vitamin B12 absorption

Question 16

listeria

Answer 16

diarrhea, fever, muscle aches

unpasterurized milk, soft cheese

Question 17

campylobacter

Answer 17

nausea, fever, cramps, diarrhea

raw milk, raw meat

Question 18

clostridium perfringens

Answer 18

nausea, vomting, pain, diarrhea

stews, soups, gravies held at warm temperature

Question 19

salmonella

Answer 19

diarrhea, chills, fever, vomiting, cramps

undercooked poultry eggs or products containg eggs

Question 20

escherichia coli

Answer 20

cramps diarrhea, fever, vomiting

contaminated ground beef, unpasteruized juice, milk

Question 21

campylobacter jejuni

Answer 21

is one of the most common bacterial food poisoning agents

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

a digestive juice that is secreted by the Liver and STored in the GALLBLADDER

1. it assists with fat digestion and absorption in the gut
2. it is a means for the BODY TO EXCRETE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BLOOD.

• BILE- IT DOES NOT HAVE ENZYME ACTIVity (unlike pancreas)

Question 23

BILEEEEEEE

Answer 23

no enzymes
1. emulsify fats- break down small particles

helps the body absorb the breakdown products of fat in the gut.

It contains waste products such as bilirubin and it gets rid of old red blood cells and carries extra cholestrol

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

low density protiens “bad

Question 25

HDL

Answer 25

high density proteins good

Question 26

salivary amylase

Answer 26

substrate - starches

product- maltose

Question 27

pepsin and zymogen

Answer 27

chief cells make zymogen first then this makes pesin.

Question 28

perital cells

Answer 28

they are actively transporting hydrogen cells. They move ions and help balance acidity.

Question 29

secondary active transport

Answer 29

this energy gradient “ drives the active transport

Question 30

primary active transport

Answer 30

ATP is used to directly supply the energy that ‘drives’ the active transport process

Question 31

chylomicron

Answer 31

meaning juice or milky fluid. and micron meaning small particle… these contain good and bad cholesterol

Question 32

remnan

Answer 32

contains remaining “bad cholesterol after additional HDL’s are formed

Question 33

mucosa

Answer 33

contains absorptive cells hat absorb water and goblet cells that secrete mucus

Question 34

mass peristalisis

Answer 34

is a strong peristaltic wave that drives the contents of the colon into the rectum

Question 35

in large intestine how are substances further boken down and vitamins how are they synthesized

Answer 35

by bacterial action

Question 36

sigmoid colon

Answer 36

closest to the rectum and anus

Question 37

diverticulitis

Answer 37

it is involved the the formation fo puches within the bowel wall

Question 38

ileocecal valve

Answer 38

it is the only site in the GI tract that is used for Vitamin B12 and bile acid absorption

Question 39

intraperitoneal

Answer 39

it recieves cyme from the ieum

Question 40

cecum

Answer 40

is an intraperitoneal pouch. it recieves chhyme from illeum