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Analtomy > Respiratory tract > Flashcards

Respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

What components make up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Produce sound from expired air

Protect inlet to lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

At what vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea?

what level is the bottom

A

C6

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4
Q

What bone is superiorly attached to the larynx?

A

Hyoid bone

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

Vagus nerve

branches of it

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6
Q

What part of the larynx sits posterior to the hyoid bone?

A

Epiglottis

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7
Q

What part of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

What sits immediately inferior & posterior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

What 2 cartilages make up the mad pincer thing posterior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Corniculate cartilage (end pointy bit)

Arytenoid cartilage

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10
Q

What connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

A

Thyroid membrane

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11
Q

2 apertures (holes) are found on the thyroid membrane. What passes through these?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal artery

Superior laryngeal vein

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12
Q

What type of cartilage makes up the components of the larynx?

What is the exception to this?

A

Hyaline

The exception is the epiglottis, which is made out of elastic cartilage

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13
Q

What are the vocal cords attached to?

A

Posteriorly attached to the arytenoid cartilage

Anteriorly attached to the thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

What components make up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs
Pleurae

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15
Q

The Lower respiratory tract is located almost entirely in the…

A

Thorax

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16
Q

Where does the lower respiratory tract receive motor innervation from?

A

Sympathetic fibres from upper thoracic spinal levels

Pulmonary plexuses at the termination of the main bronchi

Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus nerve

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17
Q

What arteries supply to lower respiratory tract?

A

Thoracic aorta

Intercostal arteries

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18
Q

Venous drainage of the lower respiratory tract is done by bronchial veins

These end up draining into which big vein?

A

Azygos

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19
Q

Where is the azygos vein located?

A

It runs up the anterior right of the vertebral column

20
Q

What vein does the azygos vein eventually run into?

A

Vena cava

21
Q

What spinal level is the sternal angle found at?

A

T4

22
Q

What happens in the lower respiratory tract, at the level of the sternal angle?

A

Trachea bifurcates into the two primary bronchi

23
Q

How many tracheal cartilage rings are there?

A

20

24
Q

What muscle runs up the posterior of the trachea?

A

Trachealis

25
Q

What is the name given to the final cartilage ring on the trachea, where it bifurcates?

A

The carina

26
Q

What arteries lie immediately lateral to the trachea?

A

Common carotid arteries

27
Q

What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea, and runs alongside the common carotid arteries?

A

Vagus nerve

28
Q

There are grooves between the oesophagus and the trachea on either side

What is the name given to these?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal grooves

29
Q

Which bronchi is short, fat and more vertical?

A

Right

30
Q

What arteries arch over the left primary bronchi?

A

Aorta

Left pulmonary artery

31
Q

What is the eparterial bronchus?

A

Bronchus which branches off the right primary bronchus before it enters the right lung

It branches off superiorly

32
Q

What is the costal surface of the lung?

A

Surface facing anterolateral

33
Q

What is the name given to the inferior surface of the lung?

A

Diaphragmatic surface or base of the lung

34
Q

What is the name given to the surface of the lung that faces into the heart?

A

Mediastinal surface

35
Q

On the mediastinal surface of the left lung, there is a inward depression near the base. What is this called?

A

Cardiac notch

36
Q

There’s a small flap at the inferior end of the left lung. What is this called?

A

Lingula

37
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

The right lung

38
Q

What are the fissures present on the right lung?

A

Horizontal

Oblique

39
Q

What structures are found at the root of the lungs?

A

Bronchi

Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins

Bronchial arteries
Bronchial veins

40
Q

What membrane covers the apex of the lung?

A

Visceral pleura

41
Q

What membrane covers the entirety of the lung?

A

Parietal pleura

42
Q

The lympatic drainage of the lungs goes into what group of lymph nodes?

Where are they found?

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes

These are found at the hila

43
Q

Aside from the lungs, what other structure has it’s lymph drained into the bronchopulmonary nodes?

A

Visceral pleura

44
Q

After passing through the bronchopulmonary nodes, lymph from the lungs and visceral pleura go to another group of lymph nodes.

What are these called, and where they found?

A

Tracheobronchial nodes

Found at the bifurcation of the trachea

45
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

Segment of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus, and an accompanying branch of the pulmonary artery, bronchial artery and bronchial vein

46
Q

What is the name of the area through which structures enter and leave the lung?

A

Hilum

Analtomy (6 decks)

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