Respiratory tract

Question 1

What components make up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 2

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 2

Produce sound from expired air

Protect inlet to lower respiratory tract

Question 3

At what vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea?

what level is the bottom

Answer 3

C6

Question 4

What bone is superiorly attached to the larynx?

Answer 4

Hyoid bone

Question 5

What nerve supplies the larynx?

Answer 5

Vagus nerve

branches of it

Question 6

What part of the larynx sits posterior to the hyoid bone?

Answer 6

Epiglottis

Question 7

What part of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence?

Answer 7

Thyroid cartilage

Question 8

What sits immediately inferior & posterior to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 8

Cricoid cartilage

Question 9

What 2 cartilages make up the mad pincer thing posterior to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 9

Corniculate cartilage (end pointy bit)

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 10

What connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

Answer 10

Thyroid membrane

Question 11

2 apertures (holes) are found on the thyroid membrane. What passes through these?

Answer 11

Superior laryngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal artery

Superior laryngeal vein

Question 12

What type of cartilage makes up the components of the larynx?

What is the exception to this?

Answer 12

Hyaline

The exception is the epiglottis, which is made out of elastic cartilage

Question 13

What are the vocal cords attached to?

Answer 13

Posteriorly attached to the arytenoid cartilage

Anteriorly attached to the thyroid cartilage

Question 14

What components make up the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 14

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs
Pleurae

Question 15

The Lower respiratory tract is located almost entirely in the…

Answer 15

Thorax

Question 16

Where does the lower respiratory tract receive motor innervation from?

Answer 16

Sympathetic fibres from upper thoracic spinal levels

Pulmonary plexuses at the termination of the main bronchi

Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus nerve

Question 17

What arteries supply to lower respiratory tract?

Answer 17

Thoracic aorta

Intercostal arteries

Question 18

Venous drainage of the lower respiratory tract is done by bronchial veins

These end up draining into which big vein?

Answer 18

Azygos

Question 19

Where is the azygos vein located?

Answer 19

It runs up the anterior right of the vertebral column

Question 20

What vein does the azygos vein eventually run into?

Answer 20

Vena cava

Question 21

What spinal level is the sternal angle found at?

Answer 21

T4

Question 22

What happens in the lower respiratory tract, at the level of the sternal angle?

Answer 22

Trachea bifurcates into the two primary bronchi

Question 23

How many tracheal cartilage rings are there?

Answer 23

20

Question 24

What muscle runs up the posterior of the trachea?

Answer 24

Trachealis

Question 25

What is the name given to the final cartilage ring on the trachea, where it bifurcates?

Answer 25

The carina

Question 26

What arteries lie immediately lateral to the trachea?

Answer 26

Common carotid arteries

Question 27

What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea, and runs alongside the common carotid arteries?

Answer 27

Vagus nerve

Question 28

There are grooves between the oesophagus and the trachea on either side What is the name given to these?

Answer 28

Tracheo-oesophageal grooves

Question 29

Which bronchi is short, fat and more vertical?

Answer 29

Right

Question 30

What arteries arch over the left primary bronchi?

Answer 30

Aorta | Left pulmonary artery

Question 31

What is the eparterial bronchus?

Answer 31

Bronchus which branches off the right primary bronchus before it enters the right lung It branches off superiorly

Question 32

What is the costal surface of the lung?

Answer 32

Surface facing anterolateral

Question 33

What is the name given to the inferior surface of the lung?

Answer 33

Diaphragmatic surface or base of the lung

Question 34

What is the name given to the surface of the lung that faces into the heart?

Answer 34

Mediastinal surface

Question 35

On the mediastinal surface of the left lung, there is a inward depression near the base. What is this called?

Answer 35

Cardiac notch

Question 36

There's a small flap at the inferior end of the left lung. What is this called?

Answer 36

Lingula

Question 37

Which lung has 3 lobes?

Answer 37

The right lung

Question 38

What are the fissures present on the right lung?

Answer 38

Horizontal | Oblique

Question 39

What structures are found at the root of the lungs?

Answer 39

Bronchi Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Bronchial arteries Bronchial veins

Question 40

What membrane covers the apex of the lung?

Answer 40

Visceral pleura

Question 41

What membrane covers the entirety of the lung?

Answer 41

Parietal pleura

Question 42

The lympatic drainage of the lungs goes into what group of lymph nodes? Where are they found?

Answer 42

Bronchopulmonary nodes These are found at the hila

Question 43

Aside from the lungs, what other structure has it's lymph drained into the bronchopulmonary nodes?

Answer 43

Visceral pleura

Question 44

After passing through the bronchopulmonary nodes, lymph from the lungs and visceral pleura go to another group of lymph nodes. What are these called, and where they found?

Answer 44

Tracheobronchial nodes Found at the bifurcation of the trachea

Question 45

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

Answer 45

Segment of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus, and an accompanying branch of the pulmonary artery, bronchial artery and bronchial vein

Question 46

What is the name of the area through which structures enter and leave the lung?

Answer 46

Hilum