Respiratory tract Flashcards
What components make up the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What are the functions of the larynx?
Produce sound from expired air
Protect inlet to lower respiratory tract
At what vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea?
what level is the bottom
C6
What bone is superiorly attached to the larynx?
Hyoid bone
What nerve supplies the larynx?
Vagus nerve
branches of it
What part of the larynx sits posterior to the hyoid bone?
Epiglottis
What part of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence?
Thyroid cartilage
What sits immediately inferior & posterior to the thyroid cartilage?
Cricoid cartilage
What 2 cartilages make up the mad pincer thing posterior to the thyroid cartilage?
Corniculate cartilage (end pointy bit)
Arytenoid cartilage
What connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?
Thyroid membrane
2 apertures (holes) are found on the thyroid membrane. What passes through these?
Superior laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal artery
Superior laryngeal vein
What type of cartilage makes up the components of the larynx?
What is the exception to this?
Hyaline
The exception is the epiglottis, which is made out of elastic cartilage
What are the vocal cords attached to?
Posteriorly attached to the arytenoid cartilage
Anteriorly attached to the thyroid cartilage
What components make up the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs
Pleurae
The Lower respiratory tract is located almost entirely in the…
Thorax
Where does the lower respiratory tract receive motor innervation from?
Sympathetic fibres from upper thoracic spinal levels
Pulmonary plexuses at the termination of the main bronchi
Parasympathetic fibres from the vagus nerve
What arteries supply to lower respiratory tract?
Thoracic aorta
Intercostal arteries
Venous drainage of the lower respiratory tract is done by bronchial veins
These end up draining into which big vein?
Azygos
Where is the azygos vein located?
It runs up the anterior right of the vertebral column
What vein does the azygos vein eventually run into?
Vena cava
What spinal level is the sternal angle found at?
T4
What happens in the lower respiratory tract, at the level of the sternal angle?
Trachea bifurcates into the two primary bronchi
How many tracheal cartilage rings are there?
20
What muscle runs up the posterior of the trachea?
Trachealis
What is the name given to the final cartilage ring on the trachea, where it bifurcates?
The carina
What arteries lie immediately lateral to the trachea?
Common carotid arteries
What nerve lies immediately lateral to the trachea, and runs alongside the common carotid arteries?
Vagus nerve
There are grooves between the oesophagus and the trachea on either side
What is the name given to these?
Tracheo-oesophageal grooves
Which bronchi is short, fat and more vertical?
Right
What arteries arch over the left primary bronchi?
Aorta
Left pulmonary artery
What is the eparterial bronchus?
Bronchus which branches off the right primary bronchus before it enters the right lung
It branches off superiorly
What is the costal surface of the lung?
Surface facing anterolateral
What is the name given to the inferior surface of the lung?
Diaphragmatic surface or base of the lung
What is the name given to the surface of the lung that faces into the heart?
Mediastinal surface
On the mediastinal surface of the left lung, there is a inward depression near the base. What is this called?
Cardiac notch
There’s a small flap at the inferior end of the left lung. What is this called?
Lingula
Which lung has 3 lobes?
The right lung
What are the fissures present on the right lung?
Horizontal
Oblique
What structures are found at the root of the lungs?
Bronchi
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries
Bronchial veins
What membrane covers the apex of the lung?
Visceral pleura
What membrane covers the entirety of the lung?
Parietal pleura
The lympatic drainage of the lungs goes into what group of lymph nodes?
Where are they found?
Bronchopulmonary nodes
These are found at the hila
Aside from the lungs, what other structure has it’s lymph drained into the bronchopulmonary nodes?
Visceral pleura
After passing through the bronchopulmonary nodes, lymph from the lungs and visceral pleura go to another group of lymph nodes.
What are these called, and where they found?
Tracheobronchial nodes
Found at the bifurcation of the trachea
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
Segment of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus, and an accompanying branch of the pulmonary artery, bronchial artery and bronchial vein
What is the name of the area through which structures enter and leave the lung?
Hilum
