Respiratory System & Tobacco Flashcards
What is the diaphragm?
The muscle that separates the chest & abdominal cavities
What is respiration?
The exchange of gases between your body & your environment
What are lungs divided into?
Sections called Lobes
What are bronchioles?
Airways that lead into the lungs divide & subdivide to from a network of tubes called bronchioles
What are alveoli?
A cluster of thin walled air sacs at the end of each bronchiole- these are covered by capillaries that allow the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide
Where does air enter the body through?
The nose & mouth
Where does air entering the mouth go to?
Directly to the lungs
What happens to air that enters the nose?
It is moistened & warmed by mucous membranes
What are cilia?
Tiny hairs that help filter out dust, pollen etc.
What is the pharynx?
Muscular passageway about 5” long that serves as a common passageway for both food & air (throat)
What is the larynx?
Contains 2 fibrous sheets of tissue known as vocal cords. These cords vibrate to produce sound (voice box)
What is the epiglottis?
Protects the opening of the larynx & at rest it allows air to pass into the lungs
What does the epiglottis do when you swallow?
Closes to prevent food & liquid from being inhaled
What is the trachea?
About 4” long also lined with mucous membranes and cilia. These beat upward opposite the direction of air flow
What are bronchi?
The airways that connect the trachea to the lungs. These divide into smaller branches called bronchioles
Care of the respiratory System
- Highly susceptible to infection from both bacteria & viruses
- Sensitive to pollutants
- Exercise rhularly
What does exercise do?
Strengthens the lungs
What should you avoid?
Avoid polluted air(smog)
Avoid tobacco smoke
What should you do and avoid?
Wash your hands often
Avoid putting your hands up to your nose and mouth
What is external respiration?
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood & air in the lungs
What is internal respiration?
The exchange of gases between the blood & cells of the body
What is nicotine?
The addictive drug found in all cigarettes, that it classified as a stimulant
How does nicotine harm the body?
Raises BP
increases heart rate
Contributes to heart disease
Contributes to stroke
What is tar?
A thick sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns
What are the 3 tissues and structures of the respiratory system affected by tar?
Alveoli
Lung tissue
Cilia
What is carbon monoxide?
A colorless odorless & poisonous gas that replaces oxygen in the blood
What are 4 dangers of carbon monoxide to the body?
High BP
Heart disease
Hardening of the arteries
Deprives the tissues & cells of oxygen
Is smokeless tobacco a staffer alternative to cigarettes?
No because it contains thousands of harmful ingredients & it delivers 2-3x the amount of nicotine & carcinogens then cigarettes
What is leukoplakia?
Thickened white leathery looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
3 short term effects of tobacco on the body
Changes in brain chemistry
Increased respiration & heart rate
Dulled taste buds/reduced appetite
3 long term effects of tobacco
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung cancer
4 effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system
Coronary heart disease & stroke
Plaque buildup in vessels
Cuts down circulation
Arteries become clogged
3 effects of smoke on unborn children
Impairs deformities
Constricts the blood vessels of the fetus
2.5x more likely to die from sudden infant death syndrome
