Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAP II Final > Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation and Circulation > Flashcards

Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes of the right lung?

A

3 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many lobes of the left lung?

A

2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of pleura lies against the lung?

A

visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of pleura lies against the chest wall?

A

parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What lies to between the lungs and the chest wall?

A

pleural cavity (w/ small amount of fluid – allows lungs to move)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tissue type of the lungs?

A

elastic connective tissue (elastic recoil on expiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments are separated by what?

A

connective tissue septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments receive air from what?

A

individual bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each bronchopulmonary segment has what 2 things?

A

each segment has an artery and vein going into the segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the upper lobe of the right lung (3)

A
  • apical
  • anterior
  • posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the middle lobe of the right lung (2)

A
  • lateral

- medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the lower (base) lobe of the right lung (5)

A
  • anterior
  • superior
  • lateral
  • posterior
  • medial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the upper lobe of the left lung (4)

A
  • apical posterior
  • anterior
  • superior (lingula)
  • inferior (lingula)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bronchopulmonary segments of the lower (base) lobe of the left lung (4)

A
  • anterior
  • superior
  • lateral
  • posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Beginning and end of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nasal & oral orifices to the false vocal cords in the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Structures of the upper respiratory tract? (4)

A

nose –> nasal cavity –> pharynx –> larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beginning and end of the lower respiratory tract?

A

true vocal cords to alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathway of lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea –> R & L primary bronchi –> secondary/tertiary bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar duct –> alveolar sacs –> alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 regions of lower respiratory tract?

A
  • conducting zone

- respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Function of the conducting zone?

A

getting air down to respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Beginning and end of the conducting zone?

A

trachea thru terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trachea bifurcates @ what level of the spinal cord?

A

T7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Trachea bifurcates into what?

A

R and L main bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

R and left main bronchi divide into what?

A

Lobar bronchi: 3 on right and 2 on left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lobar bronchi divide into what?

A

segmental bronchi (tertiary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many orders of branching air passages?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is included in anatomic dead space?

A

conducting zone + upper airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the space in the respiratory passage where gas exchange does NOT occur?

A

anatomic dead space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Function of respiratory zone?

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Beginning and end of respiratory zone?

A

begins where terminal bronchioles feed into respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How much air does the respiratory zone contain at rest?

A

2.5 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How much air does the respiratory zone contain during max inspiration?

A

4-6 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of tissue cells composes the walls of the alveoli?

A

single layer of Type I cells (squamous epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The external surface of the alveoli is covered by what?

A

web of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What comprises the respiratory membrane?

A

alveoli + capillary walls + fused basement membrane

36
Q

How much O2 leaves the alveoli to go to the blood per minute?

A

250 ml

37
Q

How much CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli per minute?

A

200 ml

38
Q

What type of cells secrete surfactant?

A

Type II cells

39
Q

Amount of anatomical dead space?

A

150 ml

40
Q

Amount of physiological dead space?

A

150 ml when healthy

41
Q

When the alveoli close down, they become what kind of dead space?

A

physiological dead space (up to 1500 ml)

42
Q

Blood supply pathway?

A

aorta –> bronchiole arteries –> lung tissue –> deoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins

43
Q

How do the alveoli receive blood?

A

get blood nutrients thru capillaries

44
Q

1-2% of cardiac output goes to what?

A

goes to the bronchial arteries to supply the blood tissue and then flows back through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium

45
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood from the blood tissue and oxygenated blood from the heart?

A

pulmonary veins

46
Q

Low O2 in alveoli causes what?

A

capillary constriction

47
Q

What does it mean if Palv > Ppc?

A

capillaries closed, no blood flow

48
Q

Effects of exercise on blood distribution? (2)

A
  • blood volume increases 4-7 fold

- distend capillaries = increase rate of flow

49
Q

Parasympathetic innervation does what to the airway?

A

constricts air tubes

50
Q

Ach release from parasympathetic innervation does what?

A

smooth muscle contraction (increases airway resistance - slow and reduces volume of airflow)

51
Q

Ach inhibitors function?

A

vasodilation

52
Q

Sympathetic innervation does what to the airway?

A

dilates air tubes

53
Q

Epi/Norepi release from adrenal medulla following sympathetic innervation does what?

A

smooth muscle relaxation (reduces airway resistance, enhances flow)

54
Q

Five major functional events of respiration?

A
  • pulmonary ventilation
  • external respiration
  • transport of respiratory gases
  • internal respiration
  • regulation of respiration/ventilation
55
Q

What event of respiration involves movement of air into and out of the lungs?

A

pulmonary ventilation

56
Q

Quiet inspiration

A

contraction of the diaphragm lengthens chest cavity (increases thoracic volume)

57
Q

Quiet expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes back to dome shape (decrease thoracic volume)

58
Q

Additional inspiration muscles (6)

A
  • external intercostals (elevate the ribs)
  • SCM
  • scalenes
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis minor
  • erector spinae
59
Q

Additional expiration muscles (2)

A
  • internal intercostals

- rectus abdominus

60
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?

A

760 mmHg

61
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

pressure and volume are inversely related (P1V1 = P2V2)

62
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul or Palv)

A

alveolar pressure

    • wants to equalize with atmospheric pressure
    • inspiration: drops about 1 cm H2O
    • expiration: rises about 1 cm H2O
63
Q

Palv > Patm

A

gases flow out of the lungs

64
Q

Intrapleural pressure (Pip)

A

pressure in pleural cavity

– 4 mmHg lower than atmospheric

65
Q

Transpulmonary pressure

A

Palv - Pip (difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure)
– keeps air spaces open

66
Q

Atalectasis

A

hole in lung –> lose negative pressure

67
Q

Pneumothorax

A

build up of pressure in pleural space –> collapsed lung

68
Q

What is known as the measure of the change in lung volume that occurs with a given change in transpulmonary pressure?

A

lung compliance (distensibility)

69
Q

Function of surfactant?

A

reduces surface tension of alveoli

70
Q

The _____ the alveolus, the _____ the alveolar pressure caused by surface tension.

A

smaller, greater

71
Q

Equation for flow

A

Flow = (change in pressure) / (resistance)

72
Q

Region requires how much energy expenditure?

A

3-5% total body energy expenditure

73
Q

What makes up Inspiratory capacity?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume and tidal volume

74
Q

What makes up functional residual capacity?

A

expiratory reserve volume and residual volume

75
Q

What makes up vital capacity?

A
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • tidal volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
76
Q

Total lung capacity

A
  • inspiratory reserve volume
  • tidal volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
  • residual volume
77
Q

Tidal volume (TV) definition

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

78
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) definition

A

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

79
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) definition

A

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

80
Q

Residual volume (RV) definition

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

81
Q

Total lung capacity (TLC) definition

A

maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort

82
Q

Vital capacity (VC) definition

A

maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort

83
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC) definition

A

maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

84
Q

Functional residual capacity (FRC) definition

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration

85
Q

Alveolar ventilation per minute definition and equation

A

total volume of new air entering the alveoli and their adjacent gas exchange areas each minute
– Va = Freq x (Vt - Vd)

86
Q

Minute Respiratory Volume equation

A

RR x Vt

MAP II Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions