Respiratory system: L1 Flashcards
What are the 2 requirements that are essential for the effect exchange of gases in the lungs?
Surface area over which exchange takes place must be large.
Diffusion distance between air and blood must small.
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?
Ventilation is the mechanical and involved with the movement of air.
Respiration is physiologic and nobles the exchanges of gases the alveoli and in the cells (Oxygen and CO2)
What is external respiration?
Process in the lungs by which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into blood within the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 is excreted.
What is Internal Respiration?
The exchanges of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid and cells which surrounds them.
What is Cellular Respiration?
Process within individual cells through which they gain energy by breaking down molecules such as glucose. It occurs in the mitochondria, consumers oxygen and generates CO2
What is Pulmonary Ventilation?
The bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cages with its associated muscle. and the diaphragm.
What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
Series of cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm and humidify the air and cleans it.
What are the conductive airways?
Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
What is the Respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
Comprises the tiny, thing-walled airways, where gases are exchanged between air and blood.
What are the airways of the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli.
What does the air need to be before it enters the lungs?
Need the air to be 37 degrees, 100% humidified, and clean.
What is the position of the trachea relative to the oesophagus?
Anterior
What is the first mechanism for filtering the air?
Nastral Hair, Vibrissae.
What is mucous membrane?
Ciliated epithelium, Goblet cells.
What is located underneath the mucus membrane?
Mucus glands, Blood vessels.
What is the second filtration?
Mucus membrane helps capture the particles. Cilia move mucus away.
How is air heated?
Heat is transferred into the air from the rich blood supply.
Where is air slowed down?
In the bone part of the nose, Conchae. It creates turbulence, the Conchae increases the surface area and slows it down.
What is the function of the Conchae?
Slows air down mucus layer filters particles and cleans it and warms the air.
What are the types of Conchae?
Superior, Middle, Inferior.
What is the temperature of the airy the time it gets to the throat?
~34
What is the function of sinuses?
Creates resonance and tone in voice. Lined with mucus membrane, overproduction of mucus during chronic sinusitis.
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx ( Mucus membrane )
Oropharynx ( squamous epithelium)
Laryngopharynx (Squamous)
What is the Epiglottis?
Presents food from going into the trachea, has lots of elastic fibres, Passive.
