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Medsci 142 > Respiratory system: L1 > Flashcards

Respiratory system: L1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 requirements that are essential for the effect exchange of gases in the lungs?

A

Surface area over which exchange takes place must be large.

Diffusion distance between air and blood must small.

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2
Q

What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?

A

Ventilation is the mechanical and involved with the movement of air.

Respiration is physiologic and nobles the exchanges of gases the alveoli and in the cells (Oxygen and CO2)

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3
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Process in the lungs by which oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into blood within the pulmonary capillaries and CO2 is excreted.

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4
Q

What is Internal Respiration?

A

The exchanges of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and the tissue fluid and cells which surrounds them.

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5
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

Process within individual cells through which they gain energy by breaking down molecules such as glucose. It occurs in the mitochondria, consumers oxygen and generates CO2

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6
Q

What is Pulmonary Ventilation?

A

The bulk movement of air into and out of the lungs. The ventilatory pump comprises the rib cages with its associated muscle. and the diaphragm.

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7
Q

What is the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

A

Series of cavities and thick-walled tubes which conduct air between the nose and the deepest recesses of the lungs, and in doing so warm and humidify the air and cleans it.

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8
Q

What are the conductive airways?

A

Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

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9
Q

What is the Respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

A

Comprises the tiny, thing-walled airways, where gases are exchanged between air and blood.

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10
Q

What are the airways of the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and sacs, and the alveoli.

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11
Q

What does the air need to be before it enters the lungs?

A

Need the air to be 37 degrees, 100% humidified, and clean.

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12
Q

What is the position of the trachea relative to the oesophagus?

A

Anterior

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13
Q

What is the first mechanism for filtering the air?

A

Nastral Hair, Vibrissae.

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14
Q

What is mucous membrane?

A

Ciliated epithelium, Goblet cells.

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15
Q

What is located underneath the mucus membrane?

A

Mucus glands, Blood vessels.

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16
Q

What is the second filtration?

A

Mucus membrane helps capture the particles. Cilia move mucus away.

17
Q

How is air heated?

A

Heat is transferred into the air from the rich blood supply.

18
Q

Where is air slowed down?

A

In the bone part of the nose, Conchae. It creates turbulence, the Conchae increases the surface area and slows it down.

19
Q

What is the function of the Conchae?

A

Slows air down mucus layer filters particles and cleans it and warms the air.

20
Q

What are the types of Conchae?

A

Superior, Middle, Inferior.

21
Q

What is the temperature of the airy the time it gets to the throat?

A

~34

22
Q

What is the function of sinuses?

A

Creates resonance and tone in voice. Lined with mucus membrane, overproduction of mucus during chronic sinusitis.

23
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx ( Mucus membrane )
Oropharynx ( squamous epithelium)
Laryngopharynx (Squamous)

24
Q

What is the Epiglottis?

A

Presents food from going into the trachea, has lots of elastic fibres, Passive.

25
Q

How many times would the respirator tree have branched by the time it gets to the gas exchange?

A

28

26
Q

How many lobes are there in the right side of the lung?

A

3

27
Q

How many lobe are there in the left side of the lung?

A

2

28
Q

How many segmental bronchi are there on the right side?

A

10

29
Q

How many segmental bronchi are there on the left side?

A

8

30
Q

What is the last terminal that does NOT undergo gas exchange?

A

Terminal Bronchioles.

31
Q

What is the importance of the trachea?

A

Make sure that it does not collaspe.

32
Q

What keeps the trachea open?

A

Supported by C-shaped cartilage. Free ends of cartilage are connected but the trachialis muscle (smooth), contraction of which narrows the diameter of the trachea.

33
Q

What is the structure of the trachea structure?

A

Line with dilated psuedostratified epithelium.

34
Q
A

Medsci 142 (6 decks)

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