respiratory system/emergencies

Question 1

functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

ventilation: process of moving air in/out of the lungs
perfusion/diffusion: gas exchange
control of breathing: chemo and neural factors

Question 2

what is intrinsic PEEP?

Answer 2

P-positive E-end E-expiratory P-pressure, the amount of air that remains in the lungs ( so they do not collapse)

Question 3

what do C- 3,4, 5 do…..

Answer 3

keep the diaphragm alive, (innervates the phrenic nerve in diaphragm)

Question 4

what are some topical landmarks for respirations?

Answer 4

Suprasternal notch, clavicles, nipples, manubriosternal junction (angle of louis), cotal angle

Question 5

right lung has…

Answer 5

2 lobes

Question 6

left lung has…

Answer 6

3 lobes

Question 7

what are the primary muscles involved in inspiration?

Answer 7

sternalcleidomastoid, scalene, pectorals major, esternal intercostals, diaphragm

Question 8

muscles of expiration

Answer 8

internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

Question 9

anatomy and functions of the upper a/w…

Answer 9

nose, pharnyx, larynx, intrathoracic, trachea
- filter, warm/humidify inspired air

Question 10

anatomy and functions of the lower respiratory tract…

Answer 10

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
- delivers aire to the alveoli, clear mucocillary structures

Question 11

the trachea splits…

Answer 11

into right and left mainstems ( right=shorter)

Question 12

what is fingernail clubbing indicative of?

Answer 12

chronic hypoxemia

Question 13

if someone has a cough what are some thing you would want to know?

Answer 13

onset, duration, nature, productive, asspn, provocation, palliates, remedies, similar past illness, Hx of lung disease/cancer etc, family HX

Question 14

what does IPPA stand for?

Answer 14

inspection, palpation, percussion ( not usually done), auscsultation

Question 15

kyphosis:

Answer 15

forward bend of the vertebral spine

Question 16

scoliosis:

Answer 16

lateral bend of the vertebral column

Question 17

normal breath rates for adults:

Answer 17

12-20 bpm

Question 18

normal rr for children

Answer 18

12-24bpm

Question 19

normal rr for infants

Answer 19

30-60bpm

Question 20

vesicular auscultation sounds?

Answer 20

produced by the passage of air in and out of normal lung tissue, low pitch and quieter sounds, longer/louder/more intense inspiratory and, no gap between inspiration and expiration.

Question 21

what would a prolonged expiration with vesicular auscultation indicate?

Answer 21

asthma or obstruction

Question 22

Bronchial sounds:

Answer 22

the passage of air in the trachea and larger bronchi ( only heard over the trachea), high pitch, harsh sounds
- expiration and inspiration= same amt of time, expiration=as loud or louder, gap between inspiration & expiration

Question 23

bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 23

mid pitch: somewhere bronchial & vesicular sounds
- normal over the mid thorax region

Question 24

Neonates development variations

Answer 24

• chest= more round/elliptical, nasal flare
• periodic breathing= common (virgourous breathing followed by apnea)