ABCD/resp conditions review

Question 1

indications for PPV?

Answer 1

high ETCO2, 3 word dyspnea, low SPO2, inhalation injury, cardiac arrest, FBAO

Question 2

how do you know you have good ventialtions?

Answer 2

chest rise and fall, imrpoved vital s, ETCO2 35mmHG-45mmHg

Question 3

lung parenchyma?

Answer 3

multiple alveoli that have a very large surface area for essential gas exchange to occur effectively

Question 4

bohr effect?:

Answer 4

• as we blow off CO2 the blood PH rises and becomes more alkolotic, Hemaglobins affinity for O2 increases, at the tissue level CO2 diffuses from the tissues to blood and shifts the PH more acidotic, Hemoglobins affinity for O2 increases

Question 5

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve:

Answer 5

right shift: O2 fucks right off= ++ affinity–>+ temp, alkolosis, +DPG
left shift: O2= left on read= lower affinity–>-temp, acidosis, -DPG

Question 6

anatomical deadspace:

Answer 6

vol of air in the pathways that do not participate w gas exchange ex: nose, mouth, trachea, bronchioles ( 500ml)

Question 7

physiological dead space?

Answer 7

= to the alveolar deadspace + anatomic deadspace vol of air in the respiratory zone that does not participate in gas exchange

Question 8

shunt?

Answer 8

decreases the amount of O2 being delivered tot he tissues to diffuse, ex: PE, FBO, aspirate

Question 9

V/Q miss match?

Answer 9

occurs when there is aither an issue w deadspace or a shunt.
shunt= v/q=0
norm=v/q=0.8
deadspace: V/Q=

Question 10

Asthma

Answer 10

triad: dyspnea, cough, wheeze
patho: constant inflammation of the a/e, bronchial hyperactivity, bronchospasm, excessive mucous production
- could be caused by allergens, bacterial/viral/fungal infections/COPD
tx: dex/salbutamol: BETA2 antagonists

Question 11

pulmonary embolism:

Answer 11

bloodclot in the lungs of path of gas diffusion, it prevent bloodflow
- cause by being sedentary, long flights, recent surgery, birth control
- dyspena,CP,cough, JVD, equal a/e, alt, cyanosed, hemoptysis, hypotension, syncope tachypnea

Question 12

pneumothorax:

Answer 12

• collapsed lung can be caused by ruptured blebs, high impact to the chest, chest trauma, occurs when the pressure in the lungs evaded & they are unable to inflate
  s/s: SOB, anxiety, sudden pleuritic CP, dyspnea, JVD, tracheal deviation, cough, unilateral a/e

Question 13

Tension pneumothorax:

Answer 13

most serious pneumothorax
- air trapped within the pleural cavity, no air enter into the lungs
- s/s: pleuritic CP, severe dyspnea/tachypnea, unilateral a/e, subcutaneous emphysema, hypotension, JVD, tracheal deviation, cough ( ruptured bleb/severe cough)

Question 14

ARDS

Answer 14

pulmonary/systemic inflammation causing damage of capillary & alveolar epithelium
- causes pulmonary edema (fluids in the lungs)
- V/Q mismatch, shunting, pulmonary hypotension, direct/indirect injury to the lungs (pneumonia, acid aspirations, drug OD, burns, sepsis, ect