Respiratory System Anatomy (10)

Question 1

3 processes required for respiration to occur

Answer 1

ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration

Question 2

What is ventilation?

Answer 2

Movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 3

What is external respiration?

Answer 3

gas exchange between air in lungs and blood
transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 4

what is internal respiration?

Answer 4

gas exchange between the blood and tissues

Question 5

Other respiratory functions

Answer 5

regulation of ph production of chemical mediators, voice production, olfaction protection

Question 6

Functions of the nasal structures

Answer 6

Olfactory epithelium for sense of smell

Question 7

what does pseudostratified ciliated columnar do?

Answer 7

lines nasal cavity
– warms air due to high vascularity
– mucous moistens air & traps dust
– cilia move mucus towards pharynx

Question 8

what does the paranasal sinuses do?

Answer 8

open into nasal cavity
– lighten skull & resonate speech

Question 9

What is the pharynx?

Answer 9

Muscular tube (13 cm long)
– skeletal muscle & mucous membrane
* Extends from Choanae to esophagus

Question 10

functions of the pharynx

Answer 10

– passageway for food and air
– resonating chamber for speech production
– tonsil (lymphatic tissue)
– immunological functions
– Distinct regions - nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 11

Pharynx epithelium

Answer 11

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 12

Nasopharynx

Answer 12

• posterior to choanae/superior to soft palate
• passage of air only

Question 13

oropharyx

Answer 13

• soft palate to epiglottis
• common passageway for air and food

Question 14

laryngopharynx

Answer 14

• epiglottis to esophagus
• common passage for air and food

Question 15

larynx structure

Answer 15

composed of 9 pieces of cartilage
3 unpaired
6 in pairs

Question 16

cartilages of the larynx

Answer 16

Thyroid cartilage forms Adam’s apple
* Epiglottis - leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage
– during swallowing, larynx moves upward
– epiglottis bends to cover glottis
* Cricoid cartilage - ring of cartilage attached to top of trachea
* 3 additional pairs of cartilages

Question 17

trachea structure and function

Answer 17

12 cm long
* extends from the larynx to T5
* 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage support dense regular CT & smooth muscle
* open part of the ring to accommodate for the esophagus (elastic membrane and trachealis muscle)
* C-shaped cartilage prevents the trachea from collapsing

Question 18

trachea epithelium

Answer 18

pseudostratified ciliated columnar propels particulate matter toward the pharynx