Heart Anatomy (02)

Question 1

Pathway of blood through the heart

Answer 1

Body → inferior/superior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valves → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lung tissue → pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral/bicuspid valve→ left ventricle → aortic semilunar valves → aorta→ body (repeat) OR coronary arteries → heart tissue→ coronary sinus/cardiac veins→ right atrium (repeat)

Question 2

Valves

Answer 2

Ensure one way flow of blood

Question 3

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 3

Leaf-like cusps attached to papillary muscles by tendons (chordae tendineae). Right has three cusps (tricuspid). Left has two cusps (bicuspid/mitral). When valve is open, canal is
atrioventricular canal.

Question 4

Semilunar valves

Answer 4

Right (pulmonary); left (aortic). Each cusp is shaped like a cup. When cusps are filled, valve is closed; when cusps are empty, valve is open.

Question 5

Skeleton of the heart

Answer 5

Plate of fibrous connective tissue between atria & ventricles fibrous rings around valves for support, electrical insulation between atria &
ventricles and site for muscle attachment

Question 6

Valve positions - relaxed left ventricle

Answer 6

Aortic semilunar valve: closed
Bicuspid valve: open
Chordae tendineae: low tension
Papillary muscle: relaxed
Cardiac muscle: relaxed
Left Ventricle: dilated - blood flowing in

Question 7

Valve positions - contracted left ventricle

Answer 7

Aortic semilunar valve: open
Bicuspid valve: closed
Chordae tendineae: high tension
Papillary muscle: contracted
Cardiac muscle: contracted
Left Ventricle: contracted - blood flowing out