RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ADD INFO Flashcards
what type of nerve in Autonomic Nervous System increases the diameter of airways?
Sympathetic Nerves
what type of nerve in the autonomic nervous system decreases the diameter of airways?
Parasympathetic nerves
what receptor is stimulated by the sympathetic nerve to increase the diameter of airways?
B2 Adrenergenic Receptor
what receptor is stimulated by the parasympathetic nerve to decrease the diameter of airways?
Muscarinic Receptor
The large airways (in the trachea and few branches of bronchi) are lined mostly by what type of cells?
ciliated columnar cells, and goblet cells
what is the purpose of these ciliated columnar cells, and goblet cells in the airways?
goblet cells secrete mucus that help trap particles where the ciliated columnar cells move the mucus towards the pharynx
the term called when the mucus moves towards pharynx
mucociliary escalator
what are the three paranasal sinuses?
ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinus
the cavity that releases mucus?
nasal cavity
it is salty and sticky which contains lysozymes to kill bacteria
lysozymes
Pharynx is throat. What are the 3 terms where the nasal, oral and larynx?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
what part of the soft palate prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?
uvula
there is a part in the larynx that also prevents food from entering the airway, what is it?
epiglottis
it is known as windpipe; the part after the larynx
trachea
it is the point where bronchi splits
carina
what is after the trachea?
right and left main bronchus
what are the lobes of right lung?
upper, middle, and lower
lobes of the left lung?
upper and lower
which mainstem bronchus is much wider and more vertical? (most likely where something/foreign object gets stuck)
right mainstem bronchus
what supports the trachea?
cartilage rings
what nervous system consist the layer of smooth muscle in the trachea and few branches of bronchi?
autonomic nervous system
order of airway (largest to smallest diameter of airway)
trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles
the airways with no cartilage, about 15-20 generations, can be named as conducting _________
bronchioles
conducting bronchioles receive oxygenated blood from?
bronchial arteries
bronchioles are lined by?
ciliated columnar cells, mucus secreted goblet cells, and club cells
club cells secretes what type of material that protects the bronchiolar epithelium which also transforms into ciliated columnar cells to help regenerate and replace damaged cells if needed.
glycosaminoglycans
respiratory zone order
terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar duct
alveolar wall is lined by thin epithelial cells called?
pneumocytes
types of pneumocytes
type 1 and type 2
secretes surfactant; decreases surface tension in the alveolar wall; also turns into type 1 to help regenerate and replace damged cells
type II
what engulfs foreign substances in the alveoli?
alveolar macrophages
what lines the capillary walls that holds the blood?
endothelial cells
what glues the pneumocytes and capillaries?
basement membrane
what separates the air from the blood (blood gas barrier)
alveolar wall, basement membrane, capillary wall
pharyngeal tonsil is covered with what type of epithelium
ciliated epithelium
oropharynx and laryngopharynx type of epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
superior portion of the larynx is lined with
stratified squamous epithelium transitioning into pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
trachea is line with what type of epithelium?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
simple squamous epithelium formed by what type of alveolar cell in the alveolar wall?
type I alveolar cells
