RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ADD INFO

Question 1

what type of nerve in Autonomic Nervous System increases the diameter of airways?

Answer 1

Sympathetic Nerves

Question 2

what type of nerve in the autonomic nervous system decreases the diameter of airways?

Answer 2

Parasympathetic nerves

Question 3

what receptor is stimulated by the sympathetic nerve to increase the diameter of airways?

Answer 3

B2 Adrenergenic Receptor

Question 4

what receptor is stimulated by the parasympathetic nerve to decrease the diameter of airways?

Answer 4

Muscarinic Receptor

Question 5

The large airways (in the trachea and few branches of bronchi) are lined mostly by what type of cells?

Answer 5

ciliated columnar cells, and goblet cells

Question 6

what is the purpose of these ciliated columnar cells, and goblet cells in the airways?

Answer 6

goblet cells secrete mucus that help trap particles where the ciliated columnar cells move the mucus towards the pharynx

Question 7

the term called when the mucus moves towards pharynx

Answer 7

mucociliary escalator

Question 8

what are the three paranasal sinuses?

Answer 8

ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinus

Question 9

the cavity that releases mucus?

Answer 9

nasal cavity

Question 10

it is salty and sticky which contains lysozymes to kill bacteria

Answer 10

lysozymes

Question 11

Pharynx is throat. What are the 3 terms where the nasal, oral and larynx?

Answer 11

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 12

what part of the soft palate prevents food from entering the nasal cavity?

Answer 12

uvula

Question 13

there is a part in the larynx that also prevents food from entering the airway, what is it?

Answer 13

epiglottis

Question 14

it is known as windpipe; the part after the larynx

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

it is the point where bronchi splits

Answer 15

carina

Question 16

what is after the trachea?

Answer 16

right and left main bronchus

Question 17

what are the lobes of right lung?

Answer 17

upper, middle, and lower

Question 18

lobes of the left lung?

Answer 18

upper and lower

Question 19

which mainstem bronchus is much wider and more vertical? (most likely where something/foreign object gets stuck)

Answer 19

right mainstem bronchus

Question 20

what supports the trachea?

Answer 20

cartilage rings

Question 21

what nervous system consist the layer of smooth muscle in the trachea and few branches of bronchi?

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system

Question 22

order of airway (largest to smallest diameter of airway)

Answer 22

trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles

Question 23

the airways with no cartilage, about 15-20 generations, can be named as conducting _________

Answer 23

bronchioles

Question 24

conducting bronchioles receive oxygenated blood from?

Answer 24

bronchial arteries

Question 25

bronchioles are lined by?

Answer 25

ciliated columnar cells, mucus secreted goblet cells, and club cells

Question 26

club cells secretes what type of material that protects the bronchiolar epithelium which also transforms into ciliated columnar cells to help regenerate and replace damaged cells if needed.

Answer 26

glycosaminoglycans

Question 27

respiratory zone order

Answer 27

terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar duct

Question 28

alveolar wall is lined by thin epithelial cells called?

Answer 28

pneumocytes

Question 29

types of pneumocytes

Answer 29

type 1 and type 2

Question 30

secretes surfactant; decreases surface tension in the alveolar wall; also turns into type 1 to help regenerate and replace damged cells

Answer 30

type II

Question 31

what engulfs foreign substances in the alveoli?

Answer 31

alveolar macrophages

Question 32

what lines the capillary walls that holds the blood?

Answer 32

endothelial cells

Question 33

what glues the pneumocytes and capillaries?

Answer 33

basement membrane

Question 34

what separates the air from the blood (blood gas barrier)

Answer 34

alveolar wall, basement membrane, capillary wall

Question 35

pharyngeal tonsil is covered with what type of epithelium

Answer 35

ciliated epithelium

Question 36

oropharynx and laryngopharynx type of epithelium

Answer 36

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 37

superior portion of the larynx is lined with

Answer 37

stratified squamous epithelium transitioning into pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 38

trachea is line with what type of epithelium?

Answer 38

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 39

simple squamous epithelium formed by what type of alveolar cell in the alveolar wall?

Answer 39

type I alveolar cells