DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ADD INFO Flashcards
process of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
4 major biological molecules
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins
biomolecules-salivary amylase break down what biological molecule?
carbohydrates
2 types of digestion
chemical digestion and mechanical digestion
physically breaking food down (teeth)
mechanical digestion
it counteract acidity in mouth and help prevent tooth decay
buffers of saliva
the formation of food after mechanical digestion and also with the help of saliva and tongue
bolus
blocks windpipe (trachea) during act of swallowing food or liquid
epiglottis
wave-like movement made by smooth muscles in the esophagus
peristalsis
an adult human stomach can store how much of food and liquid?
2 liters
it contains gastric juices (HCl) and enzymes
stomach
pepsin breakdown what
proteins
substance after chemical and mechanical digestion in the stomach
chyme
separates the esophagus from the stomach and also between the stomach and small intestine
sphincter
inner surface of the stomach lined by a mucous membrane known as?
gastric mucosa
the mucosa is always covered by a layer of thick mucus that is secreted by what type of epithelial cells?
tall columnar epithelial cells
parts of small intestine (DJIvan)
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
where does digestive juices come from what organs to the small intestine?
gallbladder, liver, and pancreas
it is where nutrient absorption most happen
small intestine
glucose and fructose are?
sugars
amino acids are?
building blocks of protein
things absorbed by the small intestine
sugars, amino acids, vitamins, lipids
absorption occurs what lining of the small intestine?
villi
villi consist?
microvilli
villi are very? (VVV)
vascular
it is also known as colon (after small intestine in passing of food)
large intestine
purpose of large intestine
absorb water
feces will remain here until they are expelled from the anus
rectum
it involves in carbohydrate and protein metabolism; produces bile to help down break lipids
liver
stores bile
gallbladder
releases juices that have important digestive enzymes and will neutralize acid chyme
pancreas
often involves an issue with the small intestine
celiac disease
often involves an issue with the large intestine
diverticulitis
often involve with an issue with the contents from the stomach entering the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (heartburn)