DIGESTIVE REVIEW Flashcards
what are the glands in your tongue?
sublingual glands, submandibular glands, parotid glands
the
space bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the
gums and teeth.
oral vestibule
is the space that extends
from the gums and teeth to the fauces
oral cavity proper
the
opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx (throat).
fauces
is a wall or septum that separates the oral cavity from
the nasal cavity, and forms the roof of the mouth. This important
structure makes it possible to chew and breathe at the same time.
palate
—the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth—is
formed by the maxillae and palatine bones and is covered by a mucous membrane; it forms a bony partition between the oral and nasal
cavities
hard palate
which forms the posterior portion of the roof
of the mouth, is an arch-shaped muscular partition between the
oropharynx and nasopharynx that is lined with mucous membrane.
soft palate
During
swallowing, the soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly, closing off
the nasopharynx and preventing swallowed foods and liquids from
entering the nasal cavity.
uvula
Lateral to the base of the uvula are two
muscular folds that run down the lateral sides of the soft palate
palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal
arch
Anteriorly, extends to the
side of the base of the tongue
palatoglossal arch
posteriorly, extends to the side of the pharynx.
palatopharyngeal
arch
The
palatine tonsils are situated between the arches, and the lingual tonsils
are situated at the base of the tongue.
remember this
At the posterior border of the soft
palate, the mouth opens into the oropharynx through the fauces
remember this !
a gland that releases a secretion
called saliva into the oral cavity; moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth; lubricates, dissolves, and begins the chemical breakdown of the food.
salivary gland
are located inferior and
anterior to the ears, between the skin and the masseter muscle.
parotid glands
secretes saliva into the oral cavity via?
parotid duct
are found in the floor of the mouth; they are medial
and partly inferior to the body of the mandible.
submandibular glands
run under the mucosa on either side of the midline of the floor of the mouth and enter the oral cavity proper lateral to
the lingual frenulum
submandibular ducts
are beneath the tongue and superior to the submandibular glands.
sublingual glands
open into the floor of the mouth
in the oral cavity proper
lesser sublingual ducts
saliva is _________% water and_______% solutes
99.5; 0.5
what are the solutes (ions) of saliva?
sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate
main digestive enzymes
Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates) Lipase (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats) Protease (made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins)
ions in the saliva activate salivary
amylase; an enzyme that starts the breakdown of starch in
the mouth into maltose, maltotriose, and α-dextrin
Chloride ions
accounts for the presence of urea and uric acid in saliva
Salivary glands
prevents attachment
of microbes so they cannot penetrate the epithelium, and the enzyme
lysozyme kills bacteria; however, these substances are not present in
large enough quantities to eliminate all oral bacteria.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
The secretion of saliva, called salivation
is controlled by the ________________ system.
autonomic nervous
_______________ stimulation promotes
continuous secretion of a moderate amount of saliva
parasympathetic
_________________ stimulation
dominates during stress, resulting in dryness of the mouth.
Sympathetic
Chemicals in the food stimulate receptors in taste buds
on the tongue, and impulses are conveyed from the taste buds to two
salivary nuclei in the brain stem
superior and inferior salivatory
nuclei
