Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the four zones of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract: nose through larynx

Lower respiratory tract: trachea through lungs

Conducting zone: passages for air flow w/o gas exchange

Respiratory zone: gas exchange areas

Question 2

Label the following aspects of the nose:

Bridge, nasal septum, major and minor alar cartilages, alar nasal sulcus, nasofacial angle, root, lateral cartilage, dense connective tissue, ala nasi, philtrum, anterior naris, dorsum nasi, septal nasal cartilage, apex, nasal bone

Answer 2

Question 3

What are the functions of the nose? (3)

Answer 3

Warms, humidifies and cleanses air

Detects odor

Resonates voice

Question 4

Label the following aspects of the nasal cavity:

laryngopharynx, septal cartilage, nasopharynx, vomer, perpendicular plate, oropharynx

Answer 4

Question 5

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of this tissue?

Answer 5

Nasal mucosa

contains respiratory epithelium

Question 6

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of it?

Answer 6

Respiratory epithelium

pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells

Goblet cells

Neuroendocrine cells

basal cells

Question 7

Label the following aspects of olfactory mucosa:

Bowman glands and ducts, lamina propria, olfactory epithelium, basal cells, olfactory fila, nuclei of supporting cells, nuclei of olfactory cells, cilia

Answer 7

Question 8

True or false: olfactory fila are unmyelinated axons

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are the tissue types of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?

Answer 9

Nasopharynx: pseudostratified epithelium

Oropharynx: stratified squamous epithelium

Laryngopharynx: stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

Label the following aspects of the pharynx:

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), Palatine tonsils, Lingual tonsils, Hard and soft palate, Esophagus, Trachea, Hyoid bone, Uvula, Opening of pharyngotympanic tube, Isthmus of the fauces, Tongue

Answer 10

Question 11

Label the following aspects of the larynx:

Cricoid cartilage, Vestibular fold, Thyroid gland, Laryngopharynx, Esophagus, Trachea, Vocal fold, Epiglottis, Thyroid cartilage

Answer 11

Question 12

The “laryngeal prominence” is the technical name for ______

Answer 12

Adam’s apple; thyroid cartilage

Question 13

What three cartilages compose the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 13

Arytenoid

Cuneiform

Corniculate

(all paired)

Question 14

True or false: the epiglottis is composed of fibrocartilage

Answer 14

False. Elastic cartilage

Question 15

Label the following aspects of the larynx:

Inner lining of trachea, Base of tongue, Vocal fold, Vestibular fold, Glottis, Epiglottis, Cuneiform cartilage, Corniculate cartilage

Answer 15

Question 16

What is the carina?

Answer 16

Internal median ridge on the lowest tracheal cartilage

Question 17

Label the following aspects of the trachea:

Thyroid cartilage, Tracheal bifurcation (carina), Main bronchi, Trachea, Segmental Bronchi, Cricoid cartilage, Lobar bronchi, Larynx

Answer 17

Question 18

Label the following aspects of the trachea:

Mucosa, Perichondrium, Cartilage, Mucous glands, Goblet cell, Ciliated cell, Mucus, Trachealis, Chondrocytes, Mucociliary elevator, Particles of debris, Hyaline cartilage ring

Answer 18

Question 19

Label the following aspects of the trachea:

Lamina propria, Adventitia, Submucosa, Mucosa, Perichondrium, Glands, Respiratory epithelium, Tracheal cartilage (hyaline), Trachealis, Cartilaginous ring

Answer 19

Question 20

Label the following aspects of the lungs:

Larynx, Middle lobar bronchus, Mediastinal surfaces, Trachea, Costal surface, Superior lobes, Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, Apex of lungs, Base of lungs, Oblique fissure, Inferior lobe, Main bronchi, Superior lobar bronchus, Inferior lobar bronchus, Cardiac impression, Middle lobe, Horizontal fissure

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 21

Visceral: on lung surface

Parietal: on inner surface of rib cage

Question 22

Identify the following tissue? What are some hallmark identifiers?

Answer 22

Secondary bronchus (lobar bronchus)

Medium lumen (compared to primary and secondary)

Cartilaginous plates (no rings)

Presence of more bronchial glands and goblet cells

Question 23

Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers?

Answer 23

Tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)

Smaller lumen

cartilaginous plates

More elastic fibers and smooth muscle

Question 24

Label the following aspects of bronchioles:

Types I and II pneumocytes, Alveolar macrophage, Alveolar ducts, Bronchiole, Pulmonary artery and vein, Lymphatic vessel, Segmental (tertiary) bronchus, Alveoli, Alveolar capillaries, Cartilaginous plate, Respiratory bronchiole, Alveolar sac, Terminal bronchiole

Answer 24

Question 25

What are the functions of type I and type II pneumocytes?

Answer 25

Type I: simple squamous epithelium; responsible for gas exchange in alveoli Type II: Produce surfactant; repair damage to alveolar epithelium

Question 26

What pathology is associated with this image?

Answer 26

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Question 27

What pathology is associated with this image?

Answer 27

Emphysema