Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the four zones of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory tract: nose through larynx
Lower respiratory tract: trachea through lungs
Conducting zone: passages for air flow w/o gas exchange
Respiratory zone: gas exchange areas
Label the following aspects of the nose:
Bridge, nasal septum, major and minor alar cartilages, alar nasal sulcus, nasofacial angle, root, lateral cartilage, dense connective tissue, ala nasi, philtrum, anterior naris, dorsum nasi, septal nasal cartilage, apex, nasal bone
What are the functions of the nose? (3)
Warms, humidifies and cleanses air
Detects odor
Resonates voice
Label the following aspects of the nasal cavity:
laryngopharynx, septal cartilage, nasopharynx, vomer, perpendicular plate, oropharynx
Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of this tissue?
Nasal mucosa
contains respiratory epithelium
Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers of it?
Respiratory epithelium
pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells
Goblet cells
Neuroendocrine cells
basal cells
Label the following aspects of olfactory mucosa:
Bowman glands and ducts, lamina propria, olfactory epithelium, basal cells, olfactory fila, nuclei of supporting cells, nuclei of olfactory cells, cilia
True or false: olfactory fila are unmyelinated axons
True
What are the tissue types of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?
Nasopharynx: pseudostratified epithelium
Oropharynx: stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx: stratified squamous epithelium
Label the following aspects of the pharynx:
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx, Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids), Palatine tonsils, Lingual tonsils, Hard and soft palate, Esophagus, Trachea, Hyoid bone, Uvula, Opening of pharyngotympanic tube, Isthmus of the fauces, Tongue
Label the following aspects of the larynx:
Cricoid cartilage, Vestibular fold, Thyroid gland, Laryngopharynx, Esophagus, Trachea, Vocal fold, Epiglottis, Thyroid cartilage
The “laryngeal prominence” is the technical name for ______
Adam’s apple; thyroid cartilage
What three cartilages compose the cricoid cartilage?
Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate
(all paired)
True or false: the epiglottis is composed of fibrocartilage
False. Elastic cartilage
Label the following aspects of the larynx:
Inner lining of trachea, Base of tongue, Vocal fold, Vestibular fold, Glottis, Epiglottis, Cuneiform cartilage, Corniculate cartilage
Label the following aspects of the trachea:
Thyroid cartilage, Tracheal bifurcation (carina), Main bronchi, Trachea, Segmental Bronchi, Cricoid cartilage, Lobar bronchi, Larynx
Label the following aspects of the trachea:
Mucosa, Perichondrium, Cartilage, Mucous glands, Goblet cell, Ciliated cell, Mucus, Trachealis, Chondrocytes, Mucociliary elevator, Particles of debris, Hyaline cartilage ring
Label the following aspects of the trachea:
Lamina propria, Adventitia, Submucosa, Mucosa, Perichondrium, Glands, Respiratory epithelium, Tracheal cartilage (hyaline), Trachealis, Cartilaginous ring
Label the following aspects of the lungs:
Larynx, Middle lobar bronchus, Mediastinal surfaces, Trachea, Costal surface, Superior lobes, Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, Apex of lungs, Base of lungs, Oblique fissure, Inferior lobe, Main bronchi, Superior lobar bronchus, Inferior lobar bronchus, Cardiac impression, Middle lobe, Horizontal fissure
What is the difference between the visceral and parietal pleura?
Visceral: on lung surface
Parietal: on inner surface of rib cage
Identify the following tissue? What are some hallmark identifiers?
Secondary bronchus (lobar bronchus)
Medium lumen (compared to primary and secondary)
Cartilaginous plates (no rings)
Presence of more bronchial glands and goblet cells
Identify the following tissue. What are some hallmark identifiers?
Tertiary bronchus (segmental bronchus)
Smaller lumen
cartilaginous plates
More elastic fibers and smooth muscle
Label the following aspects of bronchioles:
Types I and II pneumocytes, Alveolar macrophage, Alveolar ducts, Bronchiole, Pulmonary artery and vein, Lymphatic vessel, Segmental (tertiary) bronchus, Alveoli, Alveolar capillaries, Cartilaginous plate, Respiratory bronchiole, Alveolar sac, Terminal bronchiole
What are the functions of type I and type II pneumocytes?
Type I: simple squamous epithelium; responsible for gas exchange in alveoli
Type II: Produce surfactant; repair damage to alveolar epithelium
What pathology is associated with this image?
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
What pathology is associated with this image?
Emphysema
