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A&P I Theory > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

• Respiratory System Functions

A

GAS EXCHANGE

O2/CO2

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2
Q

How is gas exchange between O2 and Co2 achieved?

A

Inspiration and expiration

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3
Q

• The respiratory and the cardiovascular systems work closely together on 4 actions

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation – breathing
  2. External respiration – gas exchange between air and blood
  3. Internal respiration – gas exchange between blood and tissue
  4. Gas transport – to and from lungs and tissues
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4
Q

What’s the relationship between O2 and ATP

A

In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen react to form ATP.

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5
Q
  • What is ATP
  • Why do we need it
  • how do we make it?
A
  • ATP= Adenosine triphosphate- only form of energy our body can use.
  • Needs to be created AS we use it (exercising) because we cannot store a lot of it
  • Formed in 2 ways Aerobic and Anaerobic
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6
Q

Which form of ATP synthesis:
body burning nutrients when there is o2 present, generates at high rates yet limited by the amount of energy that can be release in a bout of intense exercise, Has huge capacity but has an issue with delivering energy quickly.

A

Aerobic

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7
Q

Which form of ATP synthesis:

from chemical reactions when there is not O2 available

A

Anaerobic

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8
Q

Structures in the upper respiratory tract

A
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nostrils
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
  • Glottis
  • Epiglottis
  • Larynx
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9
Q

Structures in the lower respiratory tract

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Lungs
  • Alveoli
  • Pulmonary capillaries
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10
Q

The upper and lower respiratory tract function is to

A

Clean and purify air on the way to the lungs

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11
Q

Path of air flow in the respiratory system

A

environment o2 rich air > nasal cavity > pharynx > trachea > Bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli of lungs > exchange of o2 and Co2 happens in alveoli > Co2 rich blood enters bronchi > Trachea > Nasal Cavity > environment

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12
Q

What is the respiratory systems first line of defense?

How does it protect us?

A

Mucociliary escalator

  • Nasal hairs, cilia, and mucus cleanse inhaled air as it passes through the airway by trapping pathogens, pollutants, dust, bugs, etc.
  • Cilia located throughout respiratory track create an upward flow expelling the pollutants
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13
Q

what lines the nasal cavity to clean, warm and moisten

A

Mucus membrane

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14
Q

what structure connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and is a passage way for both food and air?
“The throat”

A

Pharynx

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15
Q

3 parts of Pharynx

A

o Nasopharynx
o Oropharynx
o Laryngopharynx

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16
Q

what part of the pharynx provides the primary lymphatic tissue defense for breathing

A

Tonsils

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17
Q
  • Cartilaginous passageway for air between the pharynx and trachea
  • Houses the vocal cords
A

The larynx

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18
Q

separation between the vocal cords

A

Glottis

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19
Q

flap of cartilage that prevents food from passing the glottis and entering the larynx

A

Epiglottis

20
Q

What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi

•Anterior to the esophagus

A

Trachea

21
Q

why does the trachea have C-shaped cartilage rings?

A

o Creates an airway

o Allows for expansion of the esophagus

22
Q

An Adams apple is made of

A

Thyroid cartilage

23
Q

trachea divides into the left and right ______.
which branches into ______.
these divide into even smaller structures called _______ which lead to ________.

A

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

24
Q

the right lung has ___ lobes/secondary bronchi

the left lung has ___ lobes/ secondary bronchi

A

R=3

L=2

25
Q

The lungs are located in the ______.

A

Thoracic cavity

26
Q

encloses the lungs to protect, moisten, provide friction absorption during respiration, and creates surface tension b/w membrane layers

A

Pleural membrane

27
Q

Pleurisy is

A

inflammation of the pleurae secondary to poor secretion of pleural fluid

28
Q

Explain gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries.

A
  • The alveoli have a thin membrane that allows O2 to diffuse out of it.
  • The capillaries surrounding the alveoli let the O2 in to be absorbed by a RBC via hemoglobin
  • At the same time other RBCs release Co2 and it is absorbed into the alveoli and then out of the body.
29
Q

how does the structure of the capillaries allows gas exchanges within the Alveoli*

A
  • Thin walls only 1 cell thick

- capillaries surround the alveoli creating a lot of surface area.

30
Q

The process of air entering and exiting the lungs

A

ventilation

31
Q

Active phase of breathing, diaphragm and intercostals contract

A

Inspiration

32
Q

passive phase of breathing, diaphragm and intercostals relax

A

Expiration

33
Q

the amount of air we breathe in a relaxed state

A

Tidal volume

34
Q

the amount of air you can move (in and out) during one breath

A

Vital capacity

35
Q

where is the primary respiratory center that controls breathing at normal rate and volume

A

medulla oblongata

36
Q

what nervous input can affect respiration

A 
Cerebral cortex (thought)
Limbic System (Emotions)
Hypothalamus (hormones)
37
Q

gas exchange in the lungs between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

A

External respiration

38
Q

External or internal respiration?

Oxygen

  • Higher concentration in the alveoli
  • Diffuses from the alveoli into the blood

Carbon dioxide

  • Higher concentration in the blood
  • Diffuses from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries to the alveoli
A

External respiration

39
Q

Gas exchange in the tissues between the blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluids

A

Internal Respiration

40
Q

External or internal respiration?

Oxygen

  • Higher concentration in the blood
  • Diffuses from the blood into the tissue fluid

Carbon dioxide

  • Higher concentration in the tissue fluid
  • Diffuses from the tissue fluid into the blood
A

Internal Respiration

41
Q

How does the respiratory regulate pH

A

• Bicarbonate/Carbonic acid buffer system is altered by breathing

42
Q

Hypoventilation= _____Co2 = _____pH = _______

A

o Hypoventilation = increased CO2 = decreased pH = acidosis (pH less than 7.35)

43
Q

Hyperventilation= _____Co2 = _____pH = _______

A

o Hyperventilation = decreased CO2 = increased pH = alkalosis (pH greater than 7.45)

44
Q

identify why and when breathe into a paper bag?

A

When you hyperventilate you have too much O2 too little CO2 which increases pH= Alkalosis. To remedy it have someone breath into paper bag to trap the CO2 and breathe it back into the body to balance the pH levels again

45
Q

Effects of Aging on the respiratory tract

A
  • Respiratory fitness decreases with age
  • Maximum breathing capacities decline
  • Gas exchange in the lungs becomes less efficient
  • Respiratory membrane thickens
  • Ciliated cells of the trachea decline in number
  • Respiratory diseases are more common
46
Q

how does the respiratory create homeostasis?

A
  • Control of Blood Pressure

- Defense (mucus, cilia, tonsils, alveolar dust sacs)

A&P I Theory (4 decks)

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