Digestive and Urinary systems

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

• Ingest food
• Break food down
• Absorb nutrients
• Eliminate wastes

Question 2

the tongue is composed of ________ muscle?

Answer 2

Skeletal

Question 3

What are the tiny bumps on the tongue and what is the purpose?

Answer 3

Papillae

help handle food

Question 4

What structure separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities?

what are the two areas of this? which one is in front?

Answer 4

Palate

Hard and soft palate
hard in front (anterior)

Question 5

what is the fold that secures tongue to floor of mouth called?

What happens if someone is born with it abnormally short?

Answer 5

Lingual Frenulum

trouble latching while feeding as a baby
eventually will cause problems with speech

Question 6

how many teeth does an average adult have? 
Name the function of the teeth:
The incisors \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
the cuspids \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
the bicuspids \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
the molars \_\_\_\_\_& \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 6

32

• 4 incisors per jaw (biting)
• 2 cuspids (canines) per jaw (tear)
• 4 bicuspids per jaw (grind)
• 6 molars per jaw (crush & grind)

Question 7

saliva is a solution of _____ and _____

Answer 7

solution of mucus and water

Question 8

What is the enzyme found in saliva called?

What is tis function?

Answer 8

Salivary amylase

to begin the process of digesting carbohydrates.

Question 9

what is the continuous, coiled, hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity from mouth to anus?

Answer 9

The alimentary canal or Gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Question 10

what structure is the passage way for food and air?

name the 3 parts and whether they allow passage of food, air, or both.

Answer 10

Pharynx

• Nasopharynx – air only
• Oropharynx – food and air
• Laryngopharynx – food only

Question 11

what is another word for chewing food?

Answer 11

Masticating

Question 12

what is a bolus?

Answer 12

chewed and swallowed food or drink

Question 13

the muscular tube posterior to the trachea is called ________. This structure extends from the ______ to _______.

Does chemical digestion occur here?

Answer 13

esophagus
Extends from pharynx to stomach

no chemical digestion occurs here – food transport only

Question 14

what is the involuntary process that pushes food along the GI tract?

what organs along the GI tract do not use this feature?

Answer 14

Peristalsis

None, continues in all organs along GI tract

Question 15

what structure

• Allows food to enter the stomach when relaxed
• Keeps stomach contents in the stomach

Answer 15

Esophageal sphincter

Question 16

Name the organ:

• Thick-walled, located on the left side of the abdominal cavity
• Connects the esophagus to the duodenum of the small intestine?

Answer 16

Stomach

Question 17

-What are the folds, wrinkle in stomach wall that provide expansion up to 1 Gallon when it is full?

Answer 17

Rugae

Question 18

Describe the functions of the stomach (6)

Answer 18

• Receives food from the esophagus
• Stores and liquefies food
• Starts the digestion of proteins w/stomach juices
• Moves food into the small intestine
• Chemical and Physical actions
• Muscular wall churns and mixes food with gastric juice

Question 19

What is a line of defense found in the stomach?

what does it produce?

Answer 19

-Gastric Glands produce gastric juice (pepsinogen, HCl, intrinsic factor (glycoprotein) and mucus)

Question 20

What does the stomach absorb

Answer 20

Alcohol and water are absorbed through the stomach wall, but no other nutrients (Food is not absorbed by the stomach).

Question 21

– thick heavy cream like substance of the smaller fragments of food. Churned food and gastric juice mixture is called

Answer 21

Chyme

Question 22

Chyme enters the small intestine via the _________ which opens and then contracts to close

Answer 22

Pyloric sphincter