Lymphatic System Flashcards
3 functions of the Lymphatic system
-Fluid balance
(takes up excess tissue fluid and returns it to the blood stream and heart)
-Fat absorption
(from the digestive tract and transports them to the blood stream/circulatory system)
-Defense
(works with the immune system to protect against disease)
What is the fluid found within the interstitial space surrounding tissue cells?
Lymph
what is found in lymph?
- mostly water
- nutirents, electrolytes, and oxygen
- white blood cells
lymph drains from tissues into the _____?
Lymph vessels
structures of the lymphatic system?
tonsils
spleen
adenoids
thymus
when is the interstitial tissue fluid considered lymph?
when it is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries
why do we need white blood cells within the lymph?
Cell debris, bacteria, viruses enter lymphatic capillaries easily, especially when inflamed
describe the pathway of lymph
- Starts in interstitial space
- Picked up by lymphatic capillaries
- Lymph vessels (afferent)
- Lymph nodes (filtering area)
- Lymph vessels (efferent)
- Lymph trunk
- Lymph ducts (have 2) Rt. Lymphatic and L. thoracic
- Back to big veins
lymphatic duct that drains the left side of the head, left chest, left arm, and the lower body “power horse”
Thoracic Duct
lymphatic duct that drains the right side of the head, right chest, and right arm
Right lymphatic duct
how does the body move lymph?
2 examples of this?
Skeletal muscle contraction
- Peristalsis
- exercise
localized swelling caused by the accumulation of lymph?
Edema
which lymphatic organs
Defends against bacteria and other foreign agents from food you eat and inhaled air? (2)
Tonsils and adenoids
which lymphatic organ
Drains right upper portion of the body
right lymphatic duct
which lymphatic organ
is a site where certain white blood cells acquire means to chemically recognize specific foreign invaders
Thymus gland
which lymphatic organ
Drains most of the body
Thoracic Duct
which lymphatic organ
is the site where antibodies are manufactured; disposal site for old red blood cells and foreign debris; site of red blood cell formation in the embryo
Spleen
which lymphatic organ
returns excess interstitial fluid and reclaimable solutes to the blood
Lymph vessels
Which lymphatic organ
Filters bacteria and many other agents of disease from lymph
Lymph nodes
the 2 places where do lymphocytes originate and/or mature?
Red Bone Marrow, Thymus
in the red bone marrow lymphocytes change into _____, _____, or ______.
which ones mature in..
red marrow?
Thymus?
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural Killer Cells
Marrow= B lymphocytes Thymus= T lymphocytes
what lymphatic organ is critical to immunity and shrinks as person ages?
thymus
thymus produces hormones called _____, that aid in maturation of T lymphocytes
Thymosin
what lymphatic organ is
the largest, and filters blood?
does this organ filter lymph too?
Spleen
no, lymph does not enter any organs
what is found within the spleen along with lymphocytes that engulf debris and remove old RBCs?
Macrophages
in the form of white blood cells
what lymphatic structures are small egg-shaped structures located along lymphatic vessels containing B/T lymphocytes and macrophages.
Lymph nodes
3 functions of lymph nodes
- Testing stations – monitor the blood by receiving the blood plasma.
- create lymphocytes - to try and destroy foreign invaders (bacteria)
- Filtering station – only returns clean fluid back to the blood
what are Lymph nodules are?
where can they be found?
Concentrations of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule
Tonsils, Peyer Patches (found in small intestine),
Appendix.
surgical removal of lymph nodes called _________ creates painful edema.
Lymphadenectomy
swelling in the arms or legs from obstruction/ blockage within lymphatic system is called?
lymphedema
Difference between
Lymphadenitis and Lymphangitis
Lymphangitis= infection in the lymph vessels
Lymphadenitis= Infection of the lymph nodes
cancer of the lymphatic tissue
Lymphoma
edema in the lungs is called
Pulmonary edema
parasitic infection of lymphatic vessels
Elephantiasis
the immune system is made of ______ and ______ defenses.
which is defends against particular pathogens?
Specific and non specific
specific defense
type of immunity from invading pathogens that is generalized?
examples of 1st line of defense: Physical, and Chemical.
Non specific
examples:
physical= skin, mucous membranes, cilia,
chemical= sebaceous glands (oil on skin), Lysozyme (antibacterial enzyme in sweat, saliva, and tears), Urine, pH of stomach, Normal Flora (good bacteria), stomach acid.
immunity second line of defense is a series of events that occur when tissue is damaged by physical or chemical agents or by pathogens?
Inflammatory response
4 signs of inflammatory response
a. Redness
b. Heat
c. Swelling
d. Pain
third line of defense for the immune system
Specific
B lymphocytes- antibody response
T lymphocytes- produce messenger cytokines, stimulate B cells, direct cell destruction
Creating an immune response happens 3 ways
Natural active immunity= exposure to antigen, get sick, make antibodies
Artificial Immunity= Vaccines
Natural Passive immunity
occurs between mother and child via placenta or breast milk.
hypersensitivity reactions in the immune system can occur by 3 things
Allergies
tissue rejection
autoimmune disease
auto immune diseases cause ____ or _____ to attack bodies own cells
T cells or antibodies
autoimmune disease where…
Synaptic junctions between motor nerves & skeletal muscle are destroyed. Neuromuscular junctions don’t work, causing muscular weakness
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disease where…
Myelin sheath of nerve fibers is attacked. Wide variety of neurological & neuromuscular symptoms including muscle weakness, paralysis, blurred vision, dizziness and deafness
Multiple Sclerosis
autoimmune disease where…
a. Antibodies directed against multiple self antigens, including one’s own DNA
b. Can cause facial rashes, arthritis, anemia, and kidney disease
•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
autoimmune disease that…
a. Affects joints
b. Causes pain, stiffness & deformity
•Rheumatoid Arthritis
autoimmune disease that…
a. Affects the digestive system, causing
b. diarrhea, which results in fluid & nutrient loss
•Crohn’s Disease & Ulcerative Colitis
