Respiratory System Flashcards
Name the 2 sets of tonsils found in the Oropharynx … and …
Palatine tonsils
Lingual Tonsils
When the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases – the volume of the lungs … and the pressure within the lungs …
Decreases
Increases
Aside from an allergic reaction, the 5 following presentations; … are all possible side effects of Ipratropium bromide administration?
Nausea Dry mouth Tachycardia Paroxysmal tightness of the chest Arrhythmia
… is the phase of ventilation in which air enters the lungs
Inspiration
What part of the upper respiratory system has these 3 functions: Protect the airway from choking/foreign bodies, regulate the flow of air into the lungs and production of sounds used in speech?
Larynx
The … is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the upper airways and the lungs.
Epiglottis
The three-stage process of cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water and energy in the form of …
ATP
The following symptom … is not a side effect of salbutamol administration
Bradycardia, Nausea, Dry Mouth
Oxygenation is essential for normal physiological function alongside Cell …
Metabolism
Expiration is the phase of ventilation in which air is expelled from the lungs. It is initiated by … of the inspiratory muscles
Relaxation
The 3 indications for the administration of salbutamol in our practice are; …
Acute asthma attack
Expiratory wheezing
Exacerbation of COPD
The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages … the … (also called the citric acid cycle), and …
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
… involves many chemical reactions, but they can all be summed up with this chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⟶ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)
Cellular respiration
When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases – the volume of the lungs … and the pressure within the lungs …
Increases
Decreases
… are located in the arch of the aorta and carotid bodies
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Charles’ Law states that … is directly proportional to … (at a constant pressure)
Temperature
Volume
The following 5 conditions; … do not required the administration of supplemental oxygen, unless the patient is hypoxaemic
Myocardial infarction Paraquat poisoning Heat exhaustion Post convulsions Shortness of Breath
Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic that stimulates both α and β …
Adrenergic receptors
Oxygen increases the risk of … at the scene of an incident
Fire hazard
External respiration is the exchange of gases with the … environment, and occurs in the … of the lungs.
External
Alveoli
The three-stage process of cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water and energy in the form of …
ATP
Oxyhaemoglobin is an unstable compound that readily dissociates releasing …
Oxygen
… of the lung is the outer membrane which is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and this layer is innervated by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve
Parietal pleura
The pharmacokinetics of nebulised Ipratropium Bromide, mean around … % is lost into the GI tract.
90
Active inspiration involves the contraction of the … of breathing (in addition to those of quiet inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals)
Accessory muscles
… respond to changes in the partial pressures of PO2 and PCO2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Chemoreceptors
Henry’s law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the … of that gas
Partial pressure
The sensitivity of the central chemoreceptors to raised arterial … is the most important factor in maintaining homeostasis of blood gases.
PCO2
Non-humidified O2 can have a drying and irritating effect on the … after prolonged use.
Mucous membrane
… states pressure is inversely proportional to volume (at a constant temperature)
Boyles Law
… is indicated in life threatening Asthma with failing ventilations, continued deterioration despite nebulised therapy.
Adrenaline 1:1000
Oxygen is required for cellular respiration; therefore, it is an … problem
Aerobic
Erythrocytes contain … which serves to bind oxygen molecules to the erythrocytes.
haemoglobin
The administration of ipratropium bromide is contra-indicated by …
Nothing in an emergency?
… is the process by which living cells break down glucose molecules and release energy
Cellular respiration
The majority of carbon dioxide (approx. 70%) is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) which are dissolved in the … of the blood
Plasma
The pheumotaxic area, located in the … inhibits the inspiratory centre, limiting the contraction of the inspiratory muscles, and preventing the lungs from over inflating
Pons
The .. has c-shaped horizontal rings of hyaline cartilage along it’s length to protect it from closing due to pressure changes.
Trachea
The main functions of the … palate are to aid speech, swallowing, and breathing.
soft
The majority of oxygen molecules (98.5%) are carried from the lungs to the body’s tissues by a specialized transport system, which relies on the … or …
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
The oral cavity has a duel functions as part of the … and … systems
Respiratory
Digestive
… refers to gas exchange across the respiratory membrane in the metabolizing tissues.
Internal respiration
Charles’ Law states that Temperature is directly proportional to … (at a constant pressure)
Temperature
Volume
… states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture (it is only true for ideal gases)
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
As per Boyle’s law, an increase in lung volume results in a … in the … within the lungs
Decrease
Pressure
The … is the point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi.
Carina
