Respiratory System

Question 1

Name the 2 sets of tonsils found in the Oropharynx … and …

Answer 1

Palatine tonsils

Lingual Tonsils

Question 2

When the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases – the volume of the lungs … and the pressure within the lungs …

Answer 2

Decreases

Increases

Question 3

Aside from an allergic reaction, the 5 following presentations; … are all possible side effects of Ipratropium bromide administration?

Answer 3

Nausea
Dry mouth
Tachycardia
Paroxysmal tightness of the chest
Arrhythmia

Question 4

… is the phase of ventilation in which air enters the lungs

Answer 4

Inspiration

Question 5

What part of the upper respiratory system has these 3 functions: Protect the airway from choking/foreign bodies, regulate the flow of air into the lungs and production of sounds used in speech?

Answer 5

Larynx

Question 6

The … is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the upper airways and the lungs.

Answer 6

Epiglottis

Question 7

The three-stage process of cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water and energy in the form of …

Answer 7

ATP

Question 8

The following symptom … is not a side effect of salbutamol administration

Answer 8

Bradycardia, Nausea, Dry Mouth

Question 9

Oxygenation is essential for normal physiological function alongside Cell …

Answer 9

Metabolism

Question 10

Expiration is the phase of ventilation in which air is expelled from the lungs. It is initiated by … of the inspiratory muscles

Answer 10

Relaxation

Question 11

The 3 indications for the administration of salbutamol in our practice are; …

Answer 11

Acute asthma attack
Expiratory wheezing
Exacerbation of COPD

Question 12

The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three stages … the … (also called the citric acid cycle), and …

Answer 12

Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

… involves many chemical reactions, but they can all be summed up with this chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⟶ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)

Answer 13

Cellular respiration

Question 14

When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases – the volume of the lungs … and the pressure within the lungs …

Answer 14

Increases

Decreases

Question 15

… are located in the arch of the aorta and carotid bodies

Answer 15

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 16

Charles’ Law states that … is directly proportional to … (at a constant pressure)

Answer 16

Temperature

Volume

Question 17

The following 5 conditions; … do not required the administration of supplemental oxygen, unless the patient is hypoxaemic

Answer 17

Myocardial infarction
Paraquat poisoning
Heat exhaustion
Post convulsions
Shortness of Breath

Question 18

Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic that stimulates both α and β …

Answer 18

Adrenergic receptors

Question 19

Oxygen increases the risk of … at the scene of an incident

Answer 19

Fire hazard

Question 20

External respiration is the exchange of gases with the … environment, and occurs in the … of the lungs.

Answer 20

External

Alveoli

Question 21

The three-stage process of cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen reacting to form carbon dioxide and water and energy in the form of …

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

Oxyhaemoglobin is an unstable compound that readily dissociates releasing …

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

… of the lung is the outer membrane which is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and this layer is innervated by the intercostal nerves and the phrenic nerve

Answer 23

Parietal pleura

Question 24

The pharmacokinetics of nebulised Ipratropium Bromide, mean around … % is lost into the GI tract.

Answer 24

90

Question 25

Active inspiration involves the contraction of the ... of breathing (in addition to those of quiet inspiration, the diaphragm and external intercostals)

Answer 25

Accessory muscles

Question 26

... respond to changes in the partial pressures of PO2 and PCO2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 26

Chemoreceptors

Question 27

Henry’s law states that the amount of a gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the ... of that gas

Answer 27

Partial pressure

Question 28

The sensitivity of the central chemoreceptors to raised arterial ... is the most important factor in maintaining homeostasis of blood gases.

Answer 28

PCO2

Question 29

Non-humidified O2 can have a drying and irritating effect on the ... after prolonged use.

Answer 29

Mucous membrane

Question 30

... states pressure is inversely proportional to volume (at a constant temperature)

Answer 30

Boyles Law

Question 31

... is indicated in life threatening Asthma with failing ventilations, continued deterioration despite nebulised therapy.

Answer 31

Adrenaline 1:1000

Question 32

Oxygen is required for cellular respiration; therefore, it is an ... problem

Answer 32

Aerobic

Question 33

Erythrocytes contain ... which serves to bind oxygen molecules to the erythrocytes.

Answer 33

haemoglobin

Question 34

The administration of ipratropium bromide is contra-indicated by ...

Answer 34

Nothing in an emergency?

Question 35

... is the process by which living cells break down glucose molecules and release energy

Answer 35

Cellular respiration

Question 36

The majority of carbon dioxide (approx. 70%) is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3–) which are dissolved in the ... of the blood

Answer 36

Plasma

Question 37

The pheumotaxic area, located in the ... inhibits the inspiratory centre, limiting the contraction of the inspiratory muscles, and preventing the lungs from over inflating

Answer 37

Pons

Question 38

The .. has c-shaped horizontal rings of hyaline cartilage along it’s length to protect it from closing due to pressure changes.

Answer 38

Trachea

Question 39

The main functions of the ... palate are to aid speech, swallowing, and breathing.

Answer 39

soft

Question 40

The majority of oxygen molecules (98.5%) are carried from the lungs to the body’s tissues by a specialized transport system, which relies on the ... or ...

Answer 40

Erythrocytes | Red blood cells

Question 41

The oral cavity has a duel functions as part of the ... and ... systems

Answer 41

Respiratory | Digestive

Question 42

... refers to gas exchange across the respiratory membrane in the metabolizing tissues.

Answer 42

Internal respiration

Question 43

Charles’ Law states that Temperature is directly proportional to ... (at a constant pressure)

Answer 43

Temperature | Volume

Question 44

... states that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in the mixture (it is only true for ideal gases)

Answer 44

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

Question 45

As per Boyle’s law, an increase in lung volume results in a ... in the ... within the lungs

Answer 45

Decrease | Pressure

Question 46

The ... is the point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi.

Answer 46

Carina