Neurological System Flashcards
A single nerve cell that works as part of the nervous system that either generates or transmits nerve impulses is called a …
Neuron
The … is the largest part of the brain. The superficial part of this structure is composed of nerve cell bodies of “grey matter” which forms the … It is here where specific locations serve very specific and specialised functions for the rest of the body
Cerebrum
Cerebral cortex
No physical contact between neurons means that the impulses pass from one neuron to another via … found at the end of the axon called …
Synapses
Axon terminals
In the peripheral nervous system osmoreceptors, chemoreceptors and baroreceptors are examples of … sensory information
Internal
Aspirin is contraindicated in children under the age of … years as it may precipitate … Syndrome
16
Reye’s
At rest the charge on the outside of the cell membrane of a neuron is mostly … charged with … and the charge on the inside of the cell membrane is mostly … charged with …
Positive
Sodium
Negative
Potassium
In the spinal cord both sensory and motor nerves are arranged in separate tracts. Outside of the spinal cord these two nerves are enclosed with in the same sheath of connective tissue called … An example of this would be … nerve which has both sensory and motor responsibilities.
Mixed nerves
Vagus
Entonox cylinders of medical gas are a combination of … % Nitrous Oxide and … % Oxygen.
50
50
After the impulse generated by action has passed the … expels the Sodium (Na) from the cell in exchange for … returning cell back to its original state. This process is known as … and makes the impulse only able to travel in one direction.
Sodium-potassium pump
Potassium
Repolarisation
In the autonomic nervous system that controls the bodies involuntary processes such as the heart rate or the smooth muscles of the lower airways, the … nervous system helps “speeds” things up, and the … system helps to “slow” things down.
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
The sense of the somatosensory area, taste area, and visual areas of the brain are primarily found in the … lobe
Parietal
The autonomic nervous system has two divisions. The functions that control the “fight or flight” states are controlled by the … division of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic
Some cranial nerves are sensory nerves; some are motor nerves and others have both functions and are called … nerves
Mixed
The brain receives around … % of cardiac output with each heart contraction and ejection. That is an average of … ml per minute
15
750
The arachnoid mater and the pia mater in the meninges are separated by the … space which contains CSF
Subarachnoid
Neurons can generate and transmit electrical impulses called … which sends signals around the nervous system
Action potential
The max adult dose for Naloxone Hydrochloride is 4000 … administered over … doses
Micrograms
10
In the structure of a single neuron the … contains the nucleus, organises the neuron and maintains cell function. They can also vary in size and shape
Cell body
When action potential is stimulated in a neuron the … of the cell membrane to the resting ions changes which causes an .. impulse
Permeability
Electrical
The central nervous system (CNS) processes and responds appropriately by sending impulses through the … nerves to effector organs, muscles, tissues, cells or glands.
Efferent, Sensory
The … and … comprises the elements of the Central Nervous System (CNS), while the … make up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
The cerebellum of the brain is concerned with … It refines, smooths and helps with precise actions. Proprioceptor impulses help with … and …
Quality control
Balance
Posture
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) … the central nervous system (CNS) to the organs, limbs, glands and skin of the body.
Connects
Entonox is presented as a mixed medical gas of …and …
Oxygen
Nitrous oxide
Action potential travelling down a nerve axon is an … signal. However, signals sent between two neurons in a chain is a … signal as neurons do not come into contact with each other.
Electrical
Chemical
The thalamus of the brain receives input from some of the special sense organs and acts as a … as it redistributes impulses to the cerebral cortex
Relay
Decompression sickness, Violent psychiatric patients and intraocular injection of gas within 4 weeks are all contra-indications for nitrous-oxide administration the other two are … with impaired consciousness and … indicating possible intestinal obstruction
Severe head injury
Abdominal pain
A bundle of Axons or neurons bound together are called …
Nerves
The spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are named and grouped according to the vertebrae they are associated with; Cervical has … paired nerves, the Thoracic has … paired nerves, the Lumbar has … paired nerves, the Sacral has … paired nerves and the Coccyx has … paired nerves
8 12 5 5 1
In the structure of a single neuron the … receive signals from other nerve cells and pass them along to the cell body for further onward movement to other cells
Dendrites
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) helps to support and protect the brain and spinal cord by maintaining a uniform … around these structures
Pressure
Further protection and support is provided o the central nervous system (CNS) by a continuous, membranous covering known as the …
Meninges
The space or gap between one neuron’s synapses and another neuron’s dendrites is called the …
Synaptic cleft
The central nervous system (CNS) is the “control centre” that interprets and responds to information and impulses from around the body (internal and external) via … nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Afferent, Sensory
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the subarachnoid space through the … in the brain
Fourth ventricles
The ventricles in the brain are responsible for the production, transport and removal of … which helps bathe important structures of the central nervous system (CNS).
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises of … paired cranial nerves and … spinal nerves
12
31
The Circle of Willis and other arteries provide the brain with a continuous supply of … This is vital in maintaining a constant supply of … and … to the brain to allow it to function at full capacity
Blood
Oxygen
Glucose
In the structure of a single neuron the speed of the signal along the neuron can be greatly increased by the presence of … The action potential can only allow the diffusion of ions across small gaps called … that are found between …
Myelin sheaths
Nodes of Ranvier
Schwann cells
Both neurons and nerves require a continuous supply of … and …
Oxygen
Glucose
… work on specific receptor sites on the membranes of the dendrites of the target neuron.
Neurotransmitters
nitially during action potential Na floods into the neuron from outside the cell membrane from … causing the K to leave the neuron. This process is commonly known as …
Extracellular fluid
Depolarisation
… has two possible side effects of an increased risk of gastric bleeding and Wheezing in some Asthmatics.
Aspirin
The … is heavily associated with autonomic reflex activity such as; cardiovascular and respiratory centres, and reflex centres of the GI and respiratory tracts.
Medulla Oblongata
The brain contains … ventricles
4
… is indicated for mild to moderate pain as part of a balanced analgesia regimen.
Ibuprofen
The … is made up from the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
Brain stem
Impulses from the brain to various organs and tissues descend through the … and leave at the appropriate levels and pass to a structure or organ via a specific …
Spinal cord
Nerve
All patients that are physically dependant on … risk violent withdrawal symptoms as a side effect of … administration
Opioids
Naloxone hydrochloride
In the structure of a single neuron the … helps to transfer the impulse or signal away from the cell body towards other cells or receptor organs
Axon
The dura mater and the arachnoid mater in the meninges are separated by a potential space known as the … space
Subdural
… has the triple actions of Analgesia, Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory
Ibuprofen
the .. is linked to hormone regulation and maintaining homeostasis. It controls the output of hormones released from the brain to communicate with the rest of the body.
Hypothalamus
The brain is a large organ in the central nervous system (CNS) that consists of … lobes, … hemispheres and … ventricles
4
2
4
Ibuprofen administration may cause sides effects of …, … and …
Nausea
Vomiting
Tinnitus
Protection in the central nervous system (CVS) comes in the form of the … for the brain, and the … for the spinal cord
Skull
Vertebrae
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the subarachnoid space through the … in the brain
Fourth ventricle
When action potential is stimulated in a neuron the … of the cell membrane to the resting ions changes which causes an … impulse
Permeability
Electrical
The primary visual area is found in the … lobe in the cerebral cortex of the brain.
Occipital
Consenting patients that have refused to go to hospital, may be given a loading dose of … 800 Micrograms (mcg) to mitigate the effects of some ingested …
Naloxone hydrochloride
opioids
