Musculoskeletal (MSK) System Flashcards
The blood vessels and nerves follow the same path into and out of bone through a small opening in the diaphysis called the …
Nutrient foramen
The two main areas of pharmacology are … and …
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology is not synonymous with … distinguished between direct patient care and clinical practice and a science orientated research field
Pharmacy
… is the study of what the drug does to the body, through understanding the biochemical, physiological and molecular effects of drugs on the body
Pharmacodynamics
The … is a hinge type synovial joint formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
Knee joint
Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and hyoid bone are example of …
Irregular bones
The protein … controls several physiological processes in an endocrine manner, such as glucose homeostasis and exercise capacity, brain development, cognition, and male fertility.
Osteocalcin
The … forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck, chest, and back
Axial skeleton
… is studied in mathematical terms across four stages to consider the effects and duration of drug actions through the body
Pharmacokinetics
The … consists of a shaft and 2 extremities and are greater in length than width. Examples include the femur, tibia and fibula.
Long Bone
… lubricates the joint, reducing friction between the bones and allowing for greater movement
Synovial fluid
The … bone is the bone on top of the foot that forms a joint with the tibia and fibula of the lower leg.
Talus
The … is the primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell.
Osteocyte
… is the study of what the body does with the drug
Pharmacokinetics
… is the maintenance of the stable of balanced environment
Homeostasis
The epiphyseal plate in long bone is commonly known as the …
Growth plate
Your fingers have 3 joints: the … at the base of the finger, the … in the middle of the finger and the … closest to the fingertip
Metacarpophalangeal
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
The cells responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown, are the …
Osteoclasts
… is found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the GI tract, bladder, and is an involuntary muscle under control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Smooth muscle
Hematopoietic stem cells found in … produce red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells
Red bone marrow
Starting from the top the vertebral column is divided into 5 regions: the … region which has 7 vertebrae, the … region which has 12 vertebrae, the … region which has 5 vertebrae, the … region which has 5 fused vertebrae and the … region which has 4 fused vertebrae.
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal
… joints are those in which the bones are connected by cartilage. Examples include; epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children and joints between vertebrae and between the pubic bones.
Cartilaginous
All Enteral administrated medications that progress into the G.I. tract run through … prior to … through the systemic circulation
First pass metabolism
Distribution
skeletal muscle cells contain protein filaments of … and … that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell
Actin
Myosin
Your fingers have 3 joints: the … at the base of the finger, the … in the middle of the finger and the … closest to the fingertip
Metacarpophalangeal
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
The … is the only bony link between upper limbs and axial skeleton
Clavical
… is completely metabolised through First Pass Metabolism resulting in no bioavailability of the medication if administered orally.
Glyceryl trinitrate
In broad terms Pharmacodynamics is concerned the actions of … with biological receptors, and Pharmacokinetics considers the A.D.M.E. of … from the biological systems
Chemicals
Chemicals
The study of Pharmacokinetics is considered through four stages; in order they are … followed by … then … and finally …
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
The kinetics of Enteral Absorption takes the drug through … prior to Distribution
First pass metabolism
A … is a bone that is inside a tendon where the tendon passes over a joint
Sesamoid bone
The temporal bone articulates with the mandible at the … commonly known as the jaw
Temporomandibular joint
A … is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
Ligament
The cranium, ilium and sternum are examples of …
Flat bones
The … medications include the routes of … and … and Rectal administration.
Enteral
Oral
Sublingual
12 pairs ribs form the bony lateral walls of the .. and posteriorly with the thoracic vertebrae.
Thoracic cage
… is involved in triglyceride storage
Yellow bone marrow
Bone is strong, durable type of … tissue
Connective
… of clinical drugs via the intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous methods are all …routes
Administration
Parenteral
The hinge-like … allows you to bend and straighten your arm
Humeroulnar joint
The contraction of … also produces the bulk of the body’s heat as a by-product of cellular metabolism.
Skeletal muscle
The contraction of … is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical
Cardiac muscle
The shoulder is an example of a …
Ball and socket synovial joint
The … connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
Adults have … 206 bones in their body
206
Cervical & lumbar regions are a … shape
Concave
As we get older … bone marrow starts to replace … bone marrow
Yellow
Red
The … the largest bone of the foot, which lies beneath the talus to form the heel bone
Calcaneus
