Respiratory system Flashcards
4 S/S of Acute Bronchitis?
- productive cough (clear - viral)
- chest pain when breathing
- low grade temp
- malaise
Tx for acute bronchitis includes: • antibiotics • bronchodilators • antitussives Why?
- if bacterial
- Ventalin(blue puffer); causes vasodilation of breathing muscles
- cough medicine (take @ HS)
Chronic bronchitis is one of the 3 diseases of _______. The cilia become impaired reducing ability to remove irritants.
COPD
Chronic bronchitis can lead to: airway _____________, which causes obstruction & bronchospasms. ⬆️_______ & ⬇️________
Scarring
O2 & CO2
(5) S/S of chronic bronchitis?
- dyspnea on exertion
- cough & mucus production
- barrel chest
- cyanosis
- tachycardia/tachypnea
Tx for chronic bronchitis? (5)
- Home O2 - ⬇️88%
- Bronchodilators
- Corticosteroids - PO
- Antibiotics - PRN
- Expectorants - expell phlegm
Pneumonia is an acute infection in the alveoli; there are 2 types
- lobar (1 lobe)
* bronchopneumonia (scattered)
There are several ways to get pneumonia (5)
- Bacterial
- Viral
- Fungal
- Aspiration
- Chemical
Nsg care for pneumonia?
“Good lung down” if rt sided pneumonia, lay pt on their lt side
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by __bacterium
myo
TB is ______ isolation; 5-10% of infections progress to the disease
airborne
TB causes necrosis, abscesses, _______, & ____________
fibrosis & calcification
TB may progress to: (3)
- recurring fever with chills
- night sweats
- hemoptysis
There are 2 Dx for TB:
PPD & Mantoux Test
a collapse of the alveoli is called ____________
atelectasis
3 s/s of atelectasis
- dyspnea
- restlessness
- ⬆️ HR, RR, BP, & Temp
Nsg care for a pt with atelectasis? (4)
- DB & C, Incentive Spirometer
- chest physio/ambulation
- position change q 2hrs
- analgesics
inflammation of the bronchial tree lining & spasms of smooth muscle is known as _____. It is tendency inherited & increases with incidence
asthma
4 Triggers of asthma?
- allergies
- exercise; physical fatigue
- emotional factors
- GERD
cystic fibrosis is a disorder of the ______ glands. (pancreas - Amylase, Protease, Lipase) that affects the lungs, GI tract, & sweat glands.
exocrine
the cause of cystic fibrosis is ______.
genetic
5 S/S of cystic fibrosis
- appears in infancy
- resp. symptoms
- clubbing
- hemoptysis
- foul-smelling stool (lack of enzymes)
Tx for cystic fibrosis?
there is no cure; control infections & relieve symptoms
- physio (cupping)
- medication
- pancreatic enzyme replacement
2 causes of a pulmonary embolism
- DVT
- Fat emboli
4 S/S of pulmonary embolism
- sudden onset dyspnea
- cough
- anxious
- ⬆️ RR, HR, T (WBCs fighting; 7-10 days to destroy clot)`
A pulmonary embolism is an emergency; 3 Tx’s include:
- IV anticoagulants (heparin), thrombolytics for lrg clots
- Warfarin (oral) x 3-6m or 1 year
- O2
Pneumothorax is also known as a ________ _____. Caused by injury, severe coughing, or idiopathic.
collapsed lung
why does the lung collapse?
a collection of air in the pleural space
5 types of Pneumothorax:
- Hydrothorax - water
- Hemothorax - blood
- Spontaneous - just occurs
- Traumatic - knife/MVA/rib puncture
- Tension - deviated trachea
2 S/S of pneumothorax include:
- asymmetrical chest expansion
- mediastinal shift (trachea may deviate; unaffected side)
What are 2 other s/s?
- restlessness/anxiety
- ⬇️/absent breath sounds
Tx for pneumothorax
chest tube - 5th & 6th intercostal space
________ occurs when air is trapped in the alveoli during expiration causing alveoli to overstretch & distention occurs; type of COPD
emphysema
keeping the ___ low, allows the ___ to tell the body to breathe
O2, CO2
3 S/S of emphysema
- hypercapnia (low O2, high CO2)
- orthopnea
- hound dog syndrome (tongue out; fighting for air)
