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Pathophysiology > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

4 S/S of Acute Bronchitis?

A
  • productive cough (clear - viral)
  • chest pain when breathing
  • low grade temp
  • malaise
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2
Q 
Tx for acute bronchitis includes: 
• antibiotics 
• bronchodilators 
• antitussives 
Why?
A
  • if bacterial
  • Ventalin(blue puffer); causes vasodilation of breathing muscles
  • cough medicine (take @ HS)
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3
Q

Chronic bronchitis is one of the 3 diseases of _______. The cilia become impaired reducing ability to remove irritants.

A

COPD

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4
Q

Chronic bronchitis can lead to: airway _____________, which causes obstruction & bronchospasms. ⬆️_______ & ⬇️________

A

Scarring

O2 & CO2

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5
Q

(5) S/S of chronic bronchitis?

A
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • cough & mucus production
  • barrel chest
  • cyanosis
  • tachycardia/tachypnea
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6
Q

Tx for chronic bronchitis? (5)

A
  • Home O2 - ⬇️88%
  • Bronchodilators
  • Corticosteroids - PO
  • Antibiotics - PRN
  • Expectorants - expell phlegm
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7
Q

Pneumonia is an acute infection in the alveoli; there are 2 types

A
  • lobar (1 lobe)

* bronchopneumonia (scattered)

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8
Q

There are several ways to get pneumonia (5)

A
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Fungal
  • Aspiration
  • Chemical
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9
Q

Nsg care for pneumonia?

A

“Good lung down” if rt sided pneumonia, lay pt on their lt side

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10
Q

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by __bacterium

A

myo

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11
Q

TB is ______ isolation; 5-10% of infections progress to the disease

A

airborne

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12
Q

TB causes necrosis, abscesses, _______, & ____________

A

fibrosis & calcification

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13
Q

TB may progress to: (3)

A
  • recurring fever with chills
  • night sweats
  • hemoptysis
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14
Q

There are 2 Dx for TB:

A

PPD & Mantoux Test

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15
Q

a collapse of the alveoli is called ____________

A

atelectasis

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16
Q

3 s/s of atelectasis

A
  • dyspnea
  • restlessness
  • ⬆️ HR, RR, BP, & Temp
17
Q

Nsg care for a pt with atelectasis? (4)

A
  • DB & C, Incentive Spirometer
  • chest physio/ambulation
  • position change q 2hrs
  • analgesics
18
Q

inflammation of the bronchial tree lining & spasms of smooth muscle is known as _____. It is tendency inherited & increases with incidence

A

asthma

19
Q

4 Triggers of asthma?

A
  • allergies
  • exercise; physical fatigue
  • emotional factors
  • GERD
20
Q

cystic fibrosis is a disorder of the ______ glands. (pancreas - Amylase, Protease, Lipase) that affects the lungs, GI tract, & sweat glands.

A

exocrine

21
Q

the cause of cystic fibrosis is ______.

A

genetic

22
Q

5 S/S of cystic fibrosis

A
  • appears in infancy
  • resp. symptoms
  • clubbing
  • hemoptysis
  • foul-smelling stool (lack of enzymes)
23
Q

Tx for cystic fibrosis?

A

there is no cure; control infections & relieve symptoms

  • physio (cupping)
  • medication
  • pancreatic enzyme replacement
24
Q

2 causes of a pulmonary embolism

A
  • DVT

- Fat emboli

25
Q

4 S/S of pulmonary embolism

A
  • sudden onset dyspnea
  • cough
  • anxious
  • ⬆️ RR, HR, T (WBCs fighting; 7-10 days to destroy clot)`
26
Q

A pulmonary embolism is an emergency; 3 Tx’s include:

A
  • IV anticoagulants (heparin), thrombolytics for lrg clots
  • Warfarin (oral) x 3-6m or 1 year
  • O2
27
Q

Pneumothorax is also known as a ________ _____. Caused by injury, severe coughing, or idiopathic.

A

collapsed lung

28
Q

why does the lung collapse?

A

a collection of air in the pleural space

29
Q

5 types of Pneumothorax:

A
  • Hydrothorax - water
  • Hemothorax - blood
  • Spontaneous - just occurs
  • Traumatic - knife/MVA/rib puncture
  • Tension - deviated trachea
30
Q

2 S/S of pneumothorax include:

  • asymmetrical chest expansion
  • mediastinal shift (trachea may deviate; unaffected side)

What are 2 other s/s?

A
  • restlessness/anxiety

- ⬇️/absent breath sounds

31
Q

Tx for pneumothorax

A

chest tube - 5th & 6th intercostal space

32
Q

________ occurs when air is trapped in the alveoli during expiration causing alveoli to overstretch & distention occurs; type of COPD

A

emphysema

33
Q

keeping the ___ low, allows the ___ to tell the body to breathe

A

O2, CO2

34
Q

3 S/S of emphysema

A
  • hypercapnia (low O2, high CO2)
  • orthopnea
  • hound dog syndrome (tongue out; fighting for air)

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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