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Pathophysiology > Gastrointestinal system > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system Flashcards

1
Q

what do we need to be careful for when performing a colonoscopy?

A

V/S - vasovagal response ( ⬇️BP & HR)

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2
Q

What does aphthous stomatitis mean?

A

canker sores

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3
Q

what does candidiasis mean?

A

yeast/fungal infection (thrush)

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4
Q

2 nursing interventions/care for hiatal hernias?

A
  • HOB ⬆️

- avoid HS snacking; no supine 1hr after eating

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5
Q

S/S of a hiatal hernia?

A
  • none, if small

- heartburn, feeling full reflux, if large

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6
Q

5 foods to avoid when a hiatal hernia is present:

A
  • spicy food
  • chocolate
  • coffee
  • alcohol
  • menthol
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7
Q

what does fundoplication mean?

A

part of the stomach wraps around the hernia

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8
Q

What does GERD mean?

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

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9
Q

what is gastritis & the concern with it?

A

inflammation of stomach mucosa.

- That is will turn to an ulcer

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10
Q

4 S/S of gastritis?

A
  • epigastric pain
  • nausea
  • anorexia
  • heartburn
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11
Q

3 Tx for gastritis?

A
  • antacids
  • diet
  • antibiotics (H.Pylori)
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12
Q

what is peptic ulcer disease? (WILL be cancerous)

A

pepsin, a type of acid is in the stomach causing erosion

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13
Q

Peptic ulcer disease is usually caused by a bacteria called _.______.

A

H.Pylori

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14
Q

Barrett’s Disease is a peptic ulcer in the ________.

A

esophagus

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15
Q

Gastric CA is often mistaken for _____ _____; it is the 2nd most common CA

A

peptic ulcers

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16
Q

a pyloroplasty repairs __________ of the _______ sphincter.

A

narrowing

pyloric

17
Q

if a PT has a fever, ⬆️ WBCs, & pain in RLQ, they may have ____________.

A

appendicitis

18
Q

is peritonitis life-threatening?

A

yes - it is caused by leakage into the peritoneum

19
Q

an epinepherine injection can be given to a PT with diverticulitis to help with vaso_________.

A

vasoconstriction

20
Q

Inguinal, Umbilical, & Incisional are all types of _________ hernias.

A

abdominal

21
Q

what is the worry with abdominal hernias? (emergency)

A

strangulation

22
Q 
what are 2 types of IBD? (multiple choice)
A) Celiac & Colitis
B) Colitis & Lactose Intolerant
C) Colitis & Crohn's 
D) Crohn's & Celiac
A

C - Colitis & Crohn’s

23
Q

ulcerative IBD is known as

A

colitis

24
Q

IBD & IBS stand for

A

IBD - Inflammatory Bowel Disease

IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome

25
Q

4 s/s of IBD? (issues with absorption & inflammation)

A
  • diarrhea
  • wt loss
  • bloody diarrhea
  • pain
26
Q

2 S/S of IBS? (appears like IBD)

A
  • diarrhea

- pain

27
Q

tx for absorption disorders? (IBD/IBS)

A
  • antibiotics

- steroids (reduces inflammation)

28
Q

The most common cause of small bowel obstructions? (HINT: glue)

A

adhesion of the bowel

29
Q

what does volvulus mean?

A

twisting of the bowel

30
Q

what does intussusception mean?

A

telescoping of bowels (flip over each other)

31
Q

3 S/S of a small bowel obstruction?

A
  • fecal emesis
  • absent BS
  • dehydration (loss of fluid & E+)
32
Q

4 Tx for small bowel obstruction?

(N.N.I.S)

A
  • NPO
  • NG tube
  • IV
  • Surgery
33
Q 
Where is a large bowel obstruction most common? (multiple choice)
A) transverse colon
B) ascending colon
C) descending colon
D) sigmoid colon
A

D - sigmoid colon

34
Q

Colon CA (polyps) originates in the epithelial lining of colon/rectum. What are 2 S/S?

A
  • change in bowel habits

- blood/mucus in stools

35
Q

When is an ileostomy used?

A

when the colon (lrg bowel) is removed

36
Q

there are 2 types of an ileostomy; conventional & continent - explain them

A

conventional - continuous flow; ileum @ surface (liquidy)

continent - catheter into stoma 3/4x a day

Pathophysiology (10 decks)

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