Nervous system

Question 1

What causes meningitis?

Answer 1

• Purulent exudate
• ⬆️ inter-cranial pressure
• URI

Question 2

6 S/S of meningitis?

Answer 2

• Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck r/t swelling)
• headache from pressure
• fever from infection
• photophobia from pressure on senses
• petechial rash (late symptom)
• n&v from pressure

Question 3

Dx for meningitis?

Answer 3

• c&s

* Lumbar puncture (between l3/l4 or l4/l5)

Question 4

2 types of headaches?

Answer 4

Tension - contraction of scalp, neck face muscles; anxiety & stress; vasodilation

Migraine - aura occurs, 1-sided; vasoconstriction

Question 5

What is a petit mal seizure?

Answer 5

Absent; staring off into space with no movement

Question 6

What is another word for a grand mal seizure?

Answer 6

Tonic clonic- “tones, jerking”

Question 7

Status epilepticus is a seizure that lasts longer than ______ minutes

Answer 7

30

Question 8

S/S of a grand mal seizure ? (3)

Answer 8

• aura
• ⬇️ LOC
• postical period (rest)

Question 9

4 causes of a spinal cord injury

Answer 9

• MVA
• Falls
• sports injuries
• assault

Question 10

What vertebrae does a cervical injury affect?

Answer 10

C1-C2 (all 4 limbs)

C6-C7 (gross motor movement)

Question 11

A thoracic/lumbar injury affects

Answer 11

The lower limbs

Question 12

In patients with dementia, remote memory is affected __________, and recent memory is affected ___________.

Answer 12

Later

First

Question 13

A patient showing s/s such as bradykinesia, a shuffle and freeze gait, and a pill-rolling tremor may have?

Answer 13

Parkinson’s disease

Question 14

Plaques on the brain that impair function and a ⬇️ in acetylcholine is a disease called ___________________

Answer 14

Alzheimer’s

Question 15

3 stages of Alzheimer’s

Answer 15

Early: 1-2 years; still @ home

Middle: 2-12 years; hallucinations may start, aphasia, memory loss

Late: death; loss of bladder & bowel; inability to recognize family

Question 16

A TIA resolved within ___ hours

Answer 16

24

Question 17

2 causes of a CVA?

Answer 17

• Ischemia- lack of blood supply; thrombolitic/embolitic

* Hemorrhage - brain bleed

Question 18

Name 3 modifiable risk factors for a CVA

Answer 18

• Smoking/alcohol/drugs 
• atherosclerosis 
• TIA
- Diabetes Mellitus
- obesity

Question 19

5 sudden changes that are warning signs of a CVA:

Answer 19

• Numbness/weakness
• confusion
• change in vision
• trouble walking/talking, dizziness
• severe headache/ 1-sided face droop

Question 20

3 Interventions for a CVA

Answer 20

• thrombolytic therapy (atherosclerosis)
  * within 3 hrs - Time is BRAIN!! 🧠
• control HTN
• Seizure prevention

Question 21

___________ _____________ is when the myelin sheath is attacked & hardens slowing down nerve impulses
(Autoimmune)

Answer 21

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Question 22

6 S/S of MS?

Answer 22

• muscle weakness
• numbness in feet
• vision disturbances
• fatigue
• ataxia “drunk walk”
• dysphagia

Question 23

Cranial nerve # __ is affected with Bell’s Palsy. (Edema of face & loss of motor control)

Answer 23

7

Question 24

S/S of Bell’s palsy are one-sided; similar to a _____.

Answer 24

CVA