Respiratory system

Question 1

oxygen

Answer 1

a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 2

cellular respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 4

carbon dioxide

Answer 4

a gas in the air produced by respiration and used by plants as part of photosynthesis. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.

Question 5

epiglottis

Answer 5

leaf-like flap of cartilage behind the tongue that closes the air passage during swallowing

Question 6

respiratory system

Answer 6

the body system involving the lungs and associated structures, which take in air and supply the blood with oxygen to deliver to the body’s cells so they can carry out their essential functions; it also performs gas exchange to remove the waste gas carbon dioxide

Question 7

trachea

Answer 7

narrow tube from the mouth to the lungs through which air moves

Question 8

lungs

Answer 8

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 9

bronchi

Answer 9

the narrow tubes through which air passes from the trachea to the smaller bronchioles and alveoli in the respiratory system. Singular = bronchu

Question 10

bronchioles

Answer 10

small branching tubes in the lungs leading from the two larger bronchi to the alveoli

Question 11

alveoli

Answer 11

tiny air sacs in the lungs at the ends of the narrowest tubes. Oxygen moves from alveoli into the surrounding blood vessels, in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 12

pulmonary vein

Answer 12

the vessel through which oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the heart

Question 13

aorta

Answer 13

a large artery through which oxygenated blood is pumped at high pressure from the left ventricle of the heart to the body

Question 14

arterioles

Answer 14

vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the arteries to the capillaries

Question 15

venules

Answer 15

small veins

Question 16

pulmonary artery

Answer 16

the vessel through which deoxygenated blood, carrying wastes from respiration, travels from the heart to the lungs

Question 17

diaphragm

Answer 17

flexible, dome-shaped, muscular layer separating the chest and the abdomen. It is involved in breathing.

Question 18

vital capacity

Answer 18

the largest volume of air that can be breathed in or out at one time

Question 19

breathing

Answer 19

movement of muscles in the chest causing air to enter the lungs and the altered air in the lungs to leave. The air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon dioxide than the air leaving the lungs.