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Earth Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

testes

A

organs that produce sperm and sex hormones

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2
Q

scrotum

A

pouch of skin containing testes. It hangs outside the body to keep the sperm cooler than normal body temperature.

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3
Q

follicles

A

sacs containing egg cells

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4
Q

fallopian tubes

A

tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in one of these tubes.

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5
Q

fertilisation

A

enetration of the ovum by a sperm

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6
Q

puberty

A

life stage when the sex glands become active and bodily changes occur to enable reproduction

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7
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

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8
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual period

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9
Q

menstrual cycle

A

beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period

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10
Q

sexual reproduction

A

joining together of male and female reproductive cells

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11
Q

gametes

A

reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells

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12
Q

sperm

A

male reproductive cell. It consists of a head, a middle section and a tail used to swim towards the egg.

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13
Q

ova

A

female gametes or sex cells. Singular = ovum.

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14
Q

zygote

A

cell formed by the fusion of two gametes; fertilised ovum before it starts to divide into more cells

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15
Q

external fertilisation

A

reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby

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16
Q

internal fertilisation

A

reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female

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17
Q

copulation

A

the act of inserting sperm into the female; also called sexual intercourse or mating

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18
Q

sexual intercourse

A

act of inserting sperm into the female; also called copulation or mating

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19
Q

meiosis

A

cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell

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20
Q

epigenetics

A

a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information

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21
Q

nuclear DNA

A

genetic material passed on from both parents, from the nucleus of both the sperm and the ovum

22
Q

mitochondrial DNA

A

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

23
Q

mtDNA

A

genetic material from the mitochondria, passed on only from the mother

24
Q

ejaculation

A

release of sperm

25
Q

semen

A

combination of fluid and sperm

26
Q

identical twins

A

twins developed from the same fertilised egg

27
Q

fraternal twins

A

twins developed from different fertilised eggs

28
Q

conception

A

embedding of a fertilised egg in the uterus wall

29
Q

contraception

A

prevention of fertilisation of an egg or prevention of a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

30
Q

contraceptives

A

devices or substances that prevent fertilisation of an egg or prevent a fertilised egg becoming embedded in the uterus wall

31
Q

pollination

A

transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower

32
Q

self-pollination

A

transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma

33
Q

cross-pollination

A

transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species

34
Q

insect-pollinated flowers

A

flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers

35
Q

wind-pollinated flowers

A

flower that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower

36
Q

anthers

A

the male part of a flower that makes pollen

37
Q

pollen grains

A

the male gametes of a flower

38
Q

pollen tube

A

long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule

39
Q

style

A

the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma

40
Q

ovules

A

receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells

41
Q

ovary

A

in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones

42
Q

fertilisation

A

penetration of the ovum by a sperm

43
Q

endosperm

A

food supply for the embryo plant in a seed

44
Q

seed

A

product of a fertilised ovule

45
Q

seed coat

A

the protective layer around a seed

46
Q

disperse

A

scatter the seeds from plants

47
Q

fruit

A

ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds

48
Q

plumule

A

small bud at the tip of the embryo plant in a seed

49
Q

radicle

A

the beginnings of a root making up part of a plant embryo inside a seed

50
Q

cotyledons

A

special leaves of the embryo plant inside a seed that provide food for the developing seedling

51
Q

germination

A

first sign of growth from the seed of a plant

52
Q

seedling

A

young plant produced from the embryo in the seed after germination

Earth Science (12 decks)

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