RESPIRATORY System

Question 1

What measures FEV1 and FEV6

Forced exploratory Volume 1 seconds and 6 seconds?

Lung monitor

Answer 1

Vitalograph

Question 2

What is partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere?

Answer 2

160mmhg

Question 3

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Answer 3

0.3mmhg

Question 4

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide that we breathe out during exspiration?

Answer 4

27 mmhg

Question 5

What is the partial pressure of oxygen that we breathe out during expiration?

Answer 5

120mmhg

Question 6

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the alveoli?

Answer 6

Pulmonary Artery

Question 7

What Blood vessel carries RE- oxygenated bloods from the alveoli?

Answer 7

Pulmonary vein

Question 8

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in re-oxygenated blood into the heart?

Answer 8

100mmhg

Question 9

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in re-oxygenated blood into the heart?

Answer 9

40mmhg

Question 10

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues?

Answer 10

40mmhg

Question 11

What is he partial pressure of carbon dioxide on tissues?

Answer 11

45mmhg

Question 12

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 12

Movement of air into and out of the lungs.

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

VE

Question 13

What is Pulmonary diffusion?

Answer 13

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

Question 14

What is capillary diffusion ?

Answer 14

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the capillary blood and metabolically active tissues

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

Question 15

What is Hypoxemia?

Answer 15

Low oxygen in the blood.

Question 16

How is Pulmonary Ventilation assessed?

Answer 16

By measuring volume of air exhaled per minute. Abbreviated- VE (minute ventilation)

L.min-1

Question 17

What is the rate of breath per minute?

Answer 17

Respiratory frequency ( RF)

Breaths.min-1

Question 18

What is the DEPTH of each breath ?

Answer 18

Tidal volume (TV)

L.breath-1

Question 19

How do we measure pulmonary ventilation??

Answer 19

VE = RF X TV

VE ( pulmonary ventilation) = Respiratory frequency x Tidal Volume

Question 20

What is dead space?

Answer 20

Volume not involved in gas exchange

0.15 L

Question 21

How do we work out volume of gas being delivered to Alveoli? VA ?

Answer 21

VA = (TV- dead space ) x RF

Question 22

Wat is the role of pleural membranes?

Answer 22

Stop lungs from collapsing.

Lubricates and reduces friction as lungs inflate.

Left and right pleural cavities are separate, if one punctured, only lung on that side will collapse.

Question 23

What is respiration??

Answer 23

Any of all processes used to generate metabolic energy , mainly in form of ATP , from breakdown of food

Question 24

What is peripheral circulation ?

Answer 24

Blood flow that reaches upper and lower extremities of the body and the surface of skin.

Border area of body

(Hands, feet)

Question 25

What is Boyle’s law??

Answer 25

IF YOU DECREASE THE VOLUME, THE
PRESSURE WILL INCREASE.

Four basic properties of gases:

Pressure (P)

Volume (V)

P1, V1= P2, V2

PV = k
Initial pressure = P1

Temperature (T)

Amount (N)

Equations:

Question 26

What is the atmosphere/mm Hg conversion rate?

Answer 26

1 atmosphere (atm) = 760 mm Hg

Question 27

What is Ficks law ?

Answer 27

And area of high concentration into an area of low concentration.

Rate of diffusion = DAK/h ( C1-C2)

D= diffusion rate constant
K = partition coefficient 
A = surface area of absorbing surface
H= thickness of membrane

C1 = conc. of drug outside
C2 = conc. Of drug inside

Question 28

What is haemoglobin

Answer 28

(Hb) containing globular protein , increases carrying capacity of blood by 65-70 times.

Each hb molecule can bind to 4 02 molecules and depends largely on PO2 of the solutions

Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 29

What does 1L of arterial blood at sea level contain??

Answer 29

197 ml 02 bound to hb ( 150g Hb, 1.34 mLO2.g Hb-1)

3 ml dissolved 02 (200 mLO2.L-1 blood)