Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT-A 215 Exam 3 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

process of gas exchange in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inhalation

A

“breathing in, inspiration”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exhalation

A

“breathing out, expiration”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Respiratory System may be divided into two portions

A

Conducting Portion Respiratory Portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conducting Portion

A

“conducts” & transfers air, no gas exchange here * nose and paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles to the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respiratory Portion

A

Gas exchange occurs here *Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of Respiratory System; Respiration/Gas Exchange

A

* oxgyen is taken from the lungs and to the tissues * carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular activity) diffuses INTO the alveoli and is then expelled out these tubes when we exhale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functions of Respiratory System; Phonation

A

he larynx (voice box) is responsible for producing speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Internal Nose Subdivided by a Nasal Septum *Floor: hard and soft palate *Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superior Part of the Nasal Cavity

A

*Olfactory epithelium *Bipolar neurons are the ones that receive the smell and send it to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functions of the Nasal Cavity

A

Warming and Humidifying air Filtering air Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Three bones in Nasal Cavity

A

1) superior nasal conchae 2) middle nasal conchae 3) inferior nasal conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functions of Nasal Cavity Bones

A

increase air turbulence in nasal cavity (so the air and any foreign particles ‘swirl’ about, and the foreign particles are more likely to be trapped in mucus during the process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

paired cavities/spaces within some of the skull bones that connect to the nasal cavity (fig 25.3) * maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

1) along with the nasal cavity, they help warm and humidify the air 2) these hollow chambers provide a resonance (deepness) to the voice 3) also help lighten the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical; Sinusitis/Sinus Pressure

A

The reason why we have sinuses is because of this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pharynx

A

connects the nasal cavity and mouth, to the larynx and esophagus * contains several groups of tonsils – pharyngeal, palatine, (We can see these clearly, back of the mouth, back of the oral cavity) & lingual. (Theyre waiting and trying to keep foreign invaders out of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Functions of Tonsils

A

Can attack/destroy antigens (foreign matter) before they get too far down the GI or Respiratory Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Three Parts of Pharynx

A

NAsopharynx Oropharynx Larngopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nasopharynx

A

* directly behind the nasal cavity * inferior/lower border is soft palate * pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium * contains openings for auditory tubes

21
Q

Oropharynx

A

from the soft palate to the hyoid bone *directly behind the oral cavity * both air and food travel in here! * nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium IT needs to be like this because things will rub up against it. For Example: Food.

22
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

from hyoid bone to the superior border of esophagus * directly behind Larynx *transports both food and air * nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

23
Q

Larynx

A

anterior to esophagus (food tube) in neck – ‘voice box’ (If you talk, you will hear this vibrate) – functions: 1) transporting air to trachea/bronchi and lungs 2) (sound/speech production)! *contains many different cartilages, connected together by ligaments

24
Q

Larynx Components

A

Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Epiglottis 2 Arytenoid Cartilages

25
Q

Thyroid Cartilages

A

forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

26
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

only complete ring of cartilage * underneath thyroid cartilage *Directly above Thachea *Things will not pass if they’re not smaller than this ring, can also make a airway through here.

27
Q

Epiglottis

A

spoon-shaped cartilage at top of larynx * function: it folds over and closes off the larynx when we swallow food, so materials don’t accidentally enter the larynx!

28
Q

2 Arytenoid Cartilages

A
  • left and right vocal folds (“true vocal cords”)attach from arytenoid to thyroid cartilage * sound is produced when the cords vibrate against the pressure of air ** more air being forced through the larynx - louder sound
29
Q

How do you get higher sounds versus lower sounds

A

When you tighten your vocal cords, you make a higher sound. When you loosen your vocal cords, you can make a lower sound.

30
Q

Bronchial Tree

A

– As inhaled air travels in these tubes, the tubes get progressively smaller * largest bronchi have pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - this epithelium changes to cuboidal and then to simple squamous epithelium as the tubes get smaller * cartilage disappears in the smaller tubes, and is replaced by smooth muscle in the bronchioles

31
Q

Conducting Portion Components

A

Trachea Left and Right Primary Bronchi Lobar Bronchi Segmental Bronchi Bronchioles

32
Q

Trachea

A

– connects to larynx superiorly – travels from the neck into the thorax – splits into left and right bronchi (bronchus is singular) – composition: a) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium b) c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

33
Q

Left and Right Primary Bronchi

A

one goes to each lung * these structures are OUTSIDE the lung * irregular plates of cartilage * once they enter the lung they divide into:

34
Q

Lobar Bronchi

A

one goes to each lobe of a lung * cartilage plates (little less cartilage than last time)

35
Q

Segmental Bronchi

A

these supply one specific segment of the lung (bronchopulmonary segments) (Fig. 25.12) * still have some cartilage * segmental bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, and these smaller bronchi divide into smaller bronchi, and these smaller bronchi divide into bronchioles. (Bronchioles have no cartilage)

36
Q

Bronchioles

A

* no cartilage here! * cartilage replaced by smooth muscle * last set of bronchioles in conducting portion: terminal bronchioles

37
Q

Asthma

A

A normal airway is circular and has a large opening. For an individual with Asthma, the Asthmatic airway is constricted and smaller. During an Asthma Attack, the Asthmatic airway becomes extremely small with mucus also coming out of the airway. People cough and wheez during asthma attacks because they cannot breathe.

38
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane that secretes serous fluid

39
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

(Outer Layer) Will line the inside of the rib cage

40
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

(Inner Layer) Is actually touching the surface of the lungs themselves

41
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Little bit of fluid in between

42
Q

Blood Supply to Lungs

A

pulmonary arteries carry blood LOW in oxygen from heart to the lungs – pulmonary veins carry blood HIGH in oxygen back from the lungs

43
Q

Surface Anatomy of Lungs; Right Lung

A

*3 lobes: superior, middle, and inferior lobe (Three secondary Bronchi here, one for each lobe) *2 fissures: oblique and horizontal fissures (separates superior and middle)

44
Q

Surface Anatomy of Lungs; Left Lung

A

* 2 lobes: superior and inferior lobe * 1 fissure: Oblique fissure – Bronchopulmonary Segments

45
Q

Respiratory Bronchioles

A

* these branch from terminal bronchioles * epithelium is cuboidal but ciliated, typically * have some smooth muscle (and elastic/collagen fibers) in walls * may have some alveoli coming off of them * these give rise to smaller segments of the respiratory portion, like:

46
Q

Alveolar Ducts

A

long, tube-like passageways (but smaller than respiratory bronchioles) off of which alveoli come. (These alveolar ducts are like walking down the hallway and the doors in the hallway represent the alveoli)

47
Q

Alveoli

A

smallest units of respiratory portion * simple squamous epithelium * respiratory membrane is the simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus + the simple squamous epithelium of a pulmonary capillary

48
Q

Inspiration

A

Expand Thoracic Cavity Superior to inferior: diaphragm o Anteriorly: sternum o Laterally: ribs

49
Q

Expiration

A

Compress thoracic cavity • From Superior to Inferior : Diaphragm • Laterally: Ribs From anterior to posterior: Sternum

ANAT-A 215 Exam 3 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions