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ANAT-A 215 Exam 3 > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Hearing (Audition)

A

Detecting sound waves and converting them to nerve impulses

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2
Q

Equilibrium (Balance)

A

Detect position of our head and make positional adjustments as necessary

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3
Q

Auricle (Pinna)

A

Outer mass of tissue

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4
Q

Auricle Function

A

Collects sound waves and directs them into the auditory canal

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5
Q

External Acoustic Meatus Location

A

Between auricle and tympanic membrane

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6
Q

External Acoustic Meatus Function

A

Directs sound waves to tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Tympanic Membrane Function

A

Moves/Vibrates auditory ossicles when sounds vibrate the Tympanic Membrane

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8
Q

Lateral (External) Boundary is the..

A

Tympanic Membrane

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9
Q

Medial (Internal) boundary is..

A

Oval window and Round Window of Inner ear

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10
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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11
Q

Malleus

A

Looks like a hammer

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12
Q

Incus

A

Looks like an anvil

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13
Q

Stapes

A

Looks like a stirrup

Connects with oval window of the inner ear

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14
Q

Oval Window

A

This is where sound waves are transmitted to the inner ear

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15
Q

Auditory (Eustachian) Tube

A

Connects middle ear with the nasopharynx

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16
Q

Auditory (Eustachian) Tube Function

A

Equalize air pressure in the middle ear

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17
Q

When an airplane descends to a lower altitude, you may feel greater pressure in your ears, followed by a ‘popping’ sensation, before more normal pressure resumes.

A

Nasopharynx is open, causing eustachion tubes to move and air to move around

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18
Q

Otitis Media (Middle ear Infection)

A

Infection from the throat that moves to the middle ear via the auditory tube. The middle ear fills with fluid/pus

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19
Q

External Ear

A

Auricle
External Acoustic Meatus
Tympanic Membrane

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20
Q

Middle Ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory Tube

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21
Q

Inner Ear

A 
Vestibule
Semicircular Canals
Cochlea
Utricle
Saccule
Semicircular Ducts
Cochlear Ducts
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22
Q

Bony Labyrinth

A

Spaces/Cavities inside temporal bone

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23
Q

Membranous Labyrinth

A

Membranous sacs/tubes that rest inside the bony labyrinth

24
Q

Perilymph Definition

A

Fluid that is between bony and membranous labyrinth

25
Q

Perilymph Location

A

This fluid is inside the bony part and outside the membranous part. Membranous labyrinth floats in the perilymph. This fluid is chemically similar to CSF

26
Q

Endolymph

A

Fluid inside the membranous labyrinth

27
Q

Endolymph Information

A

This fluid similar to intracellular fluid. Helps conduct sound vibrations, and indirectly helps with detecting changes in position/balance

28
Q

Bony Labyrinth Components

A

Vestibule
Semicircular Canals
Cochlea

29
Q

Vestibule

A

Oval central portion

30
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Three circular spaces/canals

31
Q

Cochlea

A

Spiral Chamber

32
Q

Membranous Labyrinth Components

A

Utricle
Saccule
Semicircular Ducts
Cochlear Ducts

33
Q

Utricle

A

Sac inside vestibule

34
Q

Saccule

A

Another sac inside vestibule

35
Q

Semicircular Ducts

A

Three membranous tubes in semicircular canals

36
Q

Cochlear Duct (Scala Media)

A

Membranous tube inside the cochlea

37
Q

Who is responsible for interpreting equilibrium?

A

Utricle, Saccule, and Semicircular Ducts

38
Q

Equilibrium information transmitted via

A

Vestibular notch of the Vestibular Nerve

39
Q

Cochlear Duct

A

Splits the cochlea into two chambers

40
Q

Two chambers in Cochlea

A

Scala Vestibuli
Scala Tympani
*Both are continuous at the apex

41
Q

Scala Vestibuli (1)

A

Above Cochlear Duct
Connects to Oval Window
Filled with Perilymph

42
Q

Scala Vestibuli (2)

A

The Vestibular Membrane is a thin membrane that separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct

43
Q

Scala Tympani

A

Below Cochlear Duct
Connects to Round Window
Filled with Perilymph

44
Q

Scala Tympani (2)

A

The basilar membrane separates the scala tympani from the cochlear duct

45
Q

Spiral Organ Location

A

Cochlear duct contains to this structure

46
Q

Spiral Organ

A

Spiral Organ rests on basilar membrane

Spiral Organ contains Hair Cells which have stereocilia

47
Q

Sound waves in Scala Vestibuli

A

When sound waves enter the scala vestibuli, they vibrate a small substance of the basilar membrane

48
Q

What responds to the highest frequencies?

A

The basilar membrane closest to the oval window responds to the highest frequencies

49
Q

What responds to the lowest frequencies?

A

The basilar membrane furthest away from the oval window responds to lower frequencies

50
Q

When the basilar membrane moves, the stereocilia of the hair cells touch the tectorial membrane

A

Bending of the stereocilia generates nerve impulses

Nerve impulses are sent to the brain via the cochlear branch of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve

51
Q

Remaining sound waves..

A

are transferred to the scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window

52
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (1)

A

Sound waves are collected by the auricle, travel in external acoustic meatus, sent to tympanic membrane

53
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (2)

A

Vibration of tympanic membrane causes vibration of auditory ossicles, which in turn vibrates the oval window

54
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (3)

A

Sound waves travel through the scala vestibuli, and vibrates a portion of the vestibular membrane (which is attached to the spinal cord)

55
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (4)

A

Stereocilia of the hair cells bend against the basilar membrane

56
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (5)

A

Nerve impulses sent to the brain via the Vestibulocochleear Nerve

57
Q

Brief Review of Hearing (6)

A

Remaining sound waves are transferred to the Scala Tympani, and leave the inner ear through the round window

ANAT-A 215 Exam 3 (16 decks)

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