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Human Physio > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

As you inhale and expand the rib cage, what happens to the air pressure in the lungs?

A

Decrease in pressure because more volume, same amount of air. Movement of air is all about pressure difference.

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2
Q

Compliance

A

How easily lungs can inflate or expand under pressure. Pulmonary infections can reduce lung compliance

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3
Q

Elasticity

A

the tendency of a structure to return to its initial size after being distended.
High content of elastin

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4
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

reduces lung compliance

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5
Q

Cigarette smoking reduces the elasticity of the lungs what effect will that have on respiration, as measured with a spirometer

A

Effect in tidal volume, can inhale, can’t exhale as easily. rapid shallow breathing

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6
Q

What is the benefit of breathin 100% oxygen? What is the Po2 of 100% oxygen?

A

More transport

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7
Q

Functions of pulmonary system

A

gas exchange, pH regulation, immune function

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8
Q

Two functional sections of pulmonary system

A

conducting zone: warmed and humidified, mucus cells and cilliated cells.
ventilatory/respiratory zone

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9
Q

inspiration

A

diaphragm contracts, increasing volume, external intercostals bring ribcage up and out

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10
Q

Emphysema does what to compliance

A

increases

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11
Q

Fibrosis does what to compliance

A

decreases

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12
Q

alveolus SA and number

A

60-80 m^2 and ~300 million

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13
Q

Type I alveolar cells

A

play a role in gas exchange between air pockets and blood sheets (sheets like capillaries). Primary function is to exchange CO2 and O2 between airspace and blood

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14
Q

Type II alveolar cells

A

produce and secrete surfactant, preventing small airways from collapsing

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15
Q

surfactant

A

lowers the surface tension, preventing small airways from collapsing

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16
Q

Gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillaries results in

A

increased oxygen concentration and decreased carbon dioxide concentration in blood leaving lungs

17
Q

Dalton’s law

A

total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in a mixture exerts independently

18
Q

Henry’s law

A

When a liquid/gas such as blood and alveolar air are at equilibrium, the amount of gas dissolved in fluid reaches a max value

19
Q

Henry’s law is dependent on

A

solubility of gas in fluid, temp of fluid, partial pressure of the gas

20
Q

partial pressure depends on

A

humidity in the air

21
Q

ventilation/perfusion ratio and it’s significance

A

ratio is the amount of air getting to alveoli and the amount of blood being sent to lungs, determines blood oxygen/CO2 concentration

22
Q

Ventilation/perfusion mismatch

A

top of lung= more air than blood
middle= good match (equilibrium)
bottom= more blood than air

23
Q

Response to decrease ventilation

A

decreased outflow, reduces pO2 in blood vessels–> vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels, increasing BP–> decreases blood flow–> blood flow matches airflow

24
Q

response to increase ventilation

A

increased airflow–> elevated po2 in blood vessels–> vasodilation of pulmonary vessels, lowering BP, increasing blood flow–> blood flow matches airflow

25
Q

Neural regulation of breathing

A

phrenic nerve c3-6

rhytmic center: medulla, controls automatic breathing

26
Q

Hemoglobin

A

contains 4 protein chains (Each containe heme group) that raedily binds with O2. q

27
Q

RBCs in lungs

A

rapid loading of o2 on hemoglobin

28
Q

rbcs in muscles

A

active unloading of o2q

29
Q

Bohr effect

A

the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 is decreased when pH decreases and increased when pH increases

30
Q

Shift right in oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve

A

exercise–> cells in need of more oxygen, receive more O2

  1. increased temp
  2. increased co2
  3. decreased pH
  4. increased 2,3 dPG
31
Q

2,3 dPG

A

causes hemoglobin affinity for o2 to decrease–> more unloading in tissues

32
Q

shift left in oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve

A

(Carbon monoxide present)–> interferes with ability for lungs to load/unload o2

  1. increased pH
  2. decreased temp
33
Q

lower pH will cause hemoglobin to

A

deliver more o2 (shift right)

34
Q

when affinity of hemoglobin for o2 is decreased

A

less loading of blood with o2 in lungs, but greater unloading of o2 in tissues

35
Q

bohr effect helps provide

A

more o2 to tissues when their co2 output is increased by faster metabolism

36
Q

CO2 transport in the blood

A
  1. dissolved in plasma
  2. binds to hemoglobin
  3. bicarbonate buffer system
37
Q

bicarbonate buffer system

A

bicarbonate formation reaction happens in plasma

Human Physio (9 decks)

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