Endocrine System

Question 1

Leptin

Answer 1

Secreted from: Adipose Tissue
Primary Target Organ: Hypothalamus
Primary Effects: Suppresses Appetite

Question 2

Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)

Answer 2

Secreted from: Adrenal cortex
Primary Target Organ: Liver and muscles
Primary Effects: influence glucose metabolism

Question 3

Mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone)

Answer 3

Secreted from: Kidneys
Primary Target Organ: Kidneys
Primary Effects: promotes sodium retention and postassium excretion

Question 4

Epinephrine

Answer 4

Secreted from: Adrenal medulla
Primary Target Organ: heart, bronchioles, and blood vessels
Primary Effects: causes adrenergic stimulation

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Answer 5

Secreted from: Heart atria
Primary Target Organ: Kidneys
Primary Effects: Promotes sodium and water excretion in the urine to reduce blood volume as a response to high blood pressure

Question 6

Releasing and Inhibiting hormones

Answer 6

Secreted from: hypothalamus
Primary Target Organ: anterior pituitary
Primary Effects: regulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 7

Secretin and cholecystokinin

Answer 7

Secreted from: Small intestine
Primary Target Organ: stomach, liver, and pancreas
Primary Effects: inhibits gastric motility and stimulates bile and pancreatic juice secretion

Question 8

Insulin

Answer 8

Secreted from: islets of langerhans (pancreas)
Primary Target Organ: liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue primarily
Primary Effects: promotes cellular uptake of glucose and formation of glycogen and fat in response to high blood sugar

Question 9

Glucagon

Answer 9

Secreted from: isles of langerhans (pancreas)
Primary Target Organ: liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue primarily
Primary Effects: stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen and fat in response to low blood sugar

Question 10

Erythrooietin

Answer 10

Secreted from: kidneys
Primary Target Organ: bone marrow
Primary Effects: stimulates RBC production

Question 11

Somatomedins

Answer 11

Secreted from: liver
Primary Target Organ: cartilage
Primary Effects: stimulates cell division and growth

Question 12

Estradiol-17B and progesterone

Answer 12

Secreted from: Ovaries
Primary Target Organ: female reproductive tract and mammary glands
Primary Effects: maintains structure of reproductive tract and promotes secondary sex characteristics

Question 13

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 13

Secreted from: parathyroid glands
Primary Target Organ: bones, small intestine, and kidneys
Primary Effects: increases calcium concentration in blood

Question 14

Melatonin

Answer 14

Secreted from: pineal gland
Primary Target Organ: hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Primary Effects: affects secretion of gonadotrophin hormones

Question 15

Trophic hormones

Answer 15

Secreted from: anterior pituitary
Primary Target Organ: endocrine glands and other organs
Primary Effects: stimulates growth and development of target organs; stimulates secretion of other hormones like LH and FSH

Question 16

Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)

Answer 16

Secreted from: posterior pituitary
Primary Target Organ: kidneys and blood vessels
Primary Effects: promotes water retention and vasoconstriction

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

Secreted from: posterior pituitary
Primary Target Organ: uterus and mammary glands
Primary Effects: stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary secretory units, promoting milk ejection

Question 18

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Answer 18

Secreted from: Skin
Primary Target Organ: Small intestine
Primary Effects: stimulates absorptionof Ca2+

Question 19

Gastrin

Answer 19

Secreted from: stomach
Primary Target Organ: stomach
Primary Effects: stimulates acid secretion

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Secreted from: Testes
Primary Target Organ: prostate, seminal vesicles, testes and other organs
Primary Effects: stimulates secondary sexual development, spermatogenesis, other effects

Question 21

Thymopoietin

Answer 21

Secreted from: Thymus
Primary Target Organ: Lymph nodes
Primary Effects: stimulates WBC production

Question 22

T4

Answer 22

thyroxine
Secreted from: thyroid gland
Primary Target Organ: most organs
Primary effects: promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration (basal metabolic rate or BMR)

Question 23

T3

Answer 23

Triiodothyronine
Secreted from: thyroid gland
Primary Target Organ: most organs
Primary Effects: promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration (basal metabolic rate or BMR)

Question 24

Calcitonin

Answer 24

Secreted from: thyroid gland
Primary Target organ: most organs
primary effects: may participate in the regulation of blood Calcium levels