respiratory system

Question 1

ventilation

Answer 1

pumping fresh air or water to gas exchange surface to repace air or water already there and maintain concentration gradient

Question 2

cell respiration

Answer 2

controlled release of energy from organic compounds to make ATP

Question 3

Gas exchange

Answer 3

process of absorving one gas from an environment and relesae another

Question 4

lung

Answer 4

organ reponsible to ventilation and gas exchange; close and internal

Question 5

trachea

Answer 5

tube that carries air to and from lungs

Question 6

bronchus

Answer 6

passage that directs air form trachea into lungs

Question 7

bronchiole

Answer 7

branches that branch out from bronchus and bring air to alveoli

Question 8

diaphragm

Answer 8

responsible for exhalation and inhalation movement

Question 9

intercoastal muscle

Answer 9

muscle surrounding the lungs to help with the chest and mechanical breathing

Question 10

alveoloi

Answer 10

thin walled sacs covered in capillaries where exchange occurs

Question 11

breathing

Answer 11

inverse relationship with pressure to volume

Question 12

inspiration

Answer 12

1. Diaphragm contracts, intercoastal and abdominal muscules raise ribcage (increase volume due to reduced pressure in thoraic cavity)
2. pressure inside lungs decreases
3. air can enter lungs

Question 13

expiration

Answer 13

1. air leavs alveoli in lungs
2. increases pressure in lungs
3. lung tissue decreases in volume as more pressure is erected on it
4. thoraic cavity decreases in volume; pressure incresaes
5. more pressure on lung tissue
6. thoraic cavity volume decreases so the muscles relax
7. air is released

Question 14

emphysema

Answer 14

enlargement and damage of alveoli; reduces surface area and oxygen diffusion into blood
symptoms; short of breath and chronic bronchitus
causes: smoking, pollution, fumes

Question 15

lung cancer

Answer 15

cancerous growth in lungs; dysfunctional lung tissue

• high motrality rate
  causes: carcinogens and smoking

Question 16

type I pneunomyte

Answer 16

• alveolar cell very thin with large membrane surface area

Question 17

type II pneumocyte

Answer 17

• cuboidal shape, small surface area
• produce and secrete a solution that acts as a surfactant
• capable of mitosis