Respiratory System Flashcards
Functions of Respiratory System
- Provides gas exchange between air and circulatory system
- Move air to and from exchange surface of lung
- Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature change, and infection
- Produce sounds for speaking and communication
- Provide olfactory sensation to CNS from nasal cavity
- Controls pH
Division of Respiratory
Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory
filters and humidifies incoming air
upper respiratory
contains delicate conductions surfaces and alveolar exchange surfaces
lower respiratory
the underlying layer of areolar
lamina propria
What type of epithelial tissue is in the nasal cavity
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What type of epithelial tissue is in the pharynx
Stratified squamous
What type of epithelial tissue is in the lower respiratory
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What type of epithelial tissue is in the alveoli
Simple squamous
the cilia of pseudostratified columnar cells sweep the passage and move mucus which has trapped debris
ciliary escalator system
cells that produce mucous
goblet cells ( simple columnar cells)
A disease that makes thick mucous that blocks air passage making O2 passage impossible
cystic fibrosis
external opening of nasal cavity
external nares (nostrils)
lies within nose is posterior region divided by septum
nasal cavity
part of the nasal cavity that is superior to nostrils, lined with skin, contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands, as well as vibrissae
vestibule
forms roof of mouth
hard and soft palate
nostril openings into throat
internal nares
mucous producing tissue, consisting of lamina propria and epithelial tissue
nasal mucosa
shared by the respiratory and digestive system
pharynx
3 sections of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharnx
superior portion of nasal cavity, air passage way, epithelium produces mucous, houses pharyngeal tonsil
nasopharynx
middle portion of nasal cavity, air and food passage way, epithelium changes to deal w/ abrasive food, houses palatine and lingual tonsils
oropharynx
area between hyoid bone and esophagus, increases mucosal surface area exposed to air and enhance air turbulence in nasal cavity
laryngopharynx
voice box, protects glottis, attaches to hyoid bone
larynx
Functions of Layrnx
provides open air pathway
acts as switching mechanism to properly route air
produces vocal sounds
large unpaired cartliage
thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis
small paired cartliage
arytenoid
corniculate
cuneform
larynx folds
inelastic vestibular fold
vocal folds
When swallowing the glottis is closed by the _______ and covered by the epiglottis
vestibular folds
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the ________ producing sound waves
vocal folds
When a person swallows muscles in the neck and _______ position and stabilize the ________
pharynx, larynx
Trachea (windpipe)
Extends form c6- t5
tough and flexible, running from larynx to bronchi
held by 15-20 c shaped tracheal cartliages
trachea branches at t7 into left bronchi
Splits the carina, creating primary bronchi
trachea
branch into secondary bronchi
primary bronchi
branch into tertiary bronchi
secondary bronchi
branch into single bronchopulmonary segment
tertiary bronchi
branch into bronchioles
smaller bronchi
have only only smooth muscle, no cartilage, branch into alveoli where gas exchange takes place
bronchiloes
Lungs are located in ______ cavities
pleura
Pleura that covers external lung surface
visceral pleura
pleura that covers thoracic wall and superior surface of diaphram
parietal pleura
produced by pleura, lubricating secretions
pleural fluid
space between pleura, where pleural fluid is located
pleural space
2 cells found in lungs
septal cells
alveolar macrophages
septal cells
produce a surfactant to keep lungs moist
alveolar macrophage
engulf foreign objects
when holding breath the pressure outside equals the pressure inside lungs
P outside = P inside (holding breath)
diaphragm is contracted moving it downward, this allows lungs to expand, as lung volume expands pressure inside lungs becomes lower then pressure outside
P outside > P inside (inhale)
diaphragm is relaxed causing it to move upward, this reduces lung cavity, lung volume is reduced, as lung reduces volume pressure inside is increased
P outside
Resting tidal volume
(TV) amount of air you move in or out of lungs during one breath in resting condition
Expiratory reserve volume
(ERV) the extra air that can be expelled after a normal respiratory cycle
Residual volume
(RV) amount of air that remains in lungs after maximum inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume
(IRV) extra amount of air that can be taken in over normal tidal volume
Inspiratory capacity
(TV+IRV) amount of air you can draw in after normal respiration
Functional residual capacity
(ERV+RV) amount of air remaining in lungs after normal respiration
vital capacity
(TV+ERV+IRV) maximum amount of air you can move in and out in a single respiratory volume
Total lung capacity
(vital capacity + residual volume) total volume in lungs
Respiratory Minute Volume (VE)
(VE = f X VT) the volume of air moved each minute
this is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract
pulmonary ventilation
the primary function of pulmonary ventilation is to provide adequate air for _____________
alveoli respiration
this is the movement of gases between alveoli and bloodstream
alveoli ventilation
the primary function of this ventilation is to prevent CO2 build up in ______ and to keep good 02 supply in _____
alveoli ; bloodstream
Gases will always move from ______ pressure to______ pressure
high ; low
Gas exchange occurs in 2 locations
Lungs
Tissue
Review Lung and Tissue gas exchange in packet
pg 11-12
Each RBC has 4 hemoglobins
2 alpha 2 beta
heme is in every _______ molecule
iron
iron molecules bind to ________ molecules
oxygen
When blood has bound O2
oxyhemoglobin
When blood had bound CO2
carbaminohemoglobin
When blood had neither CO2 or 02
deoxyhemoglobin
________ are in carotid bodies and aortic arch, monitor lower pH as CO2 builds up it causes the pH to go lower
Chemoreceptors
_______ detect decrease in BP and cause respiratory rate to increase when BP increases
Baroreceptors
3 pair of nuclei in Respiratory Center
respiratory rhythmicity center
apneustic center
pneumotaxic center
sets pace for respiration
respiratory rhythmicity center
causes strong inhalation movements
apneustic center
causes strong exhalation and inhibits the apneustic center
pneumotaxic center
