Respiratory System Flashcards by Sarah Hagy

Functions of Respiratory System

Provides gas exchange between air and circulatory system
Move air to and from exchange surface of lung
Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature change, and infection
Produce sounds for speaking and communication
Provide olfactory sensation to CNS from nasal cavity
Controls pH

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Division of Respiratory

Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory

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filters and humidifies incoming air

upper respiratory

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contains delicate conductions surfaces and alveolar exchange surfaces

lower respiratory

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the underlying layer of areolar

lamina propria

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What type of epithelial tissue is in the nasal cavity

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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What type of epithelial tissue is in the pharynx

Stratified squamous

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What type of epithelial tissue is in the lower respiratory

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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What type of epithelial tissue is in the alveoli

Simple squamous

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the cilia of pseudostratified columnar cells sweep the passage and move mucus which has trapped debris

ciliary escalator system

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cells that produce mucous

goblet cells ( simple columnar cells)

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A disease that makes thick mucous that blocks air passage making O2 passage impossible

cystic fibrosis

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external opening of nasal cavity

external nares (nostrils)

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lies within nose is posterior region divided by septum

nasal cavity

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part of the nasal cavity that is superior to nostrils, lined with skin, contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands, as well as vibrissae

vestibule

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forms roof of mouth

hard and soft palate

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nostril openings into throat

internal nares

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mucous producing tissue, consisting of lamina propria and epithelial tissue

nasal mucosa

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shared by the respiratory and digestive system

pharynx

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3 sections of pharynx

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharnx

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superior portion of nasal cavity, air passage way, epithelium produces mucous, houses pharyngeal tonsil

nasopharynx

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middle portion of nasal cavity, air and food passage way, epithelium changes to deal w/ abrasive food, houses palatine and lingual tonsils

oropharynx

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area between hyoid bone and esophagus, increases mucosal surface area exposed to air and enhance air turbulence in nasal cavity

laryngopharynx

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voice box, protects glottis, attaches to hyoid bone

larynx

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Functions of Layrnx

provides open air pathway acts as switching mechanism to properly route air produces vocal sounds

large unpaired cartliage

thyroid cricoid epiglottis

small paired cartliage

arytenoid corniculate cuneform

larynx folds

inelastic vestibular fold | vocal folds

When swallowing the glottis is closed by the _______ and covered by the epiglottis

vestibular folds

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the ________ producing sound waves

vocal folds

When a person swallows muscles in the neck and _______ position and stabilize the ________

pharynx, larynx

Trachea (windpipe)

Extends form c6- t5 tough and flexible, running from larynx to bronchi held by 15-20 c shaped tracheal cartliages trachea branches at t7 into left bronchi

Splits the carina, creating primary bronchi

trachea

branch into secondary bronchi

primary bronchi

branch into tertiary bronchi

secondary bronchi

branch into single bronchopulmonary segment

tertiary bronchi

branch into bronchioles

smaller bronchi

have only only smooth muscle, no cartilage, branch into alveoli where gas exchange takes place

bronchiloes

Lungs are located in ______ cavities

pleura

Pleura that covers external lung surface

visceral pleura

pleura that covers thoracic wall and superior surface of diaphram

parietal pleura

produced by pleura, lubricating secretions

pleural fluid

space between pleura, where pleural fluid is located

pleural space

2 cells found in lungs

septal cells | alveolar macrophages

septal cells

produce a surfactant to keep lungs moist

alveolar macrophage

engulf foreign objects

when holding breath the pressure outside equals the pressure inside lungs

P outside = P inside (holding breath)

diaphragm is contracted moving it downward, this allows lungs to expand, as lung volume expands pressure inside lungs becomes lower then pressure outside

P outside > P inside (inhale)

diaphragm is relaxed causing it to move upward, this reduces lung cavity, lung volume is reduced, as lung reduces volume pressure inside is increased

P outside

Resting tidal volume

(TV) amount of air you move in or out of lungs during one breath in resting condition

Expiratory reserve volume

(ERV) the extra air that can be expelled after a normal respiratory cycle

Residual volume

(RV) amount of air that remains in lungs after maximum inhalation

Inspiratory reserve volume

(IRV) extra amount of air that can be taken in over normal tidal volume

Inspiratory capacity

(TV+IRV) amount of air you can draw in after normal respiration

Functional residual capacity

(ERV+RV) amount of air remaining in lungs after normal respiration

vital capacity

(TV+ERV+IRV) maximum amount of air you can move in and out in a single respiratory volume

Total lung capacity

(vital capacity + residual volume) total volume in lungs

Respiratory Minute Volume (VE)

(VE = f X VT) the volume of air moved each minute

this is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract

pulmonary ventilation

the primary function of pulmonary ventilation is to provide adequate air for _____________

alveoli respiration

this is the movement of gases between alveoli and bloodstream

alveoli ventilation

the primary function of this ventilation is to prevent CO2 build up in ______ and to keep good 02 supply in _____

alveoli ; bloodstream

Gases will always move from ______ pressure to______ pressure

high ; low

Gas exchange occurs in 2 locations

Lungs | Tissue

Review Lung and Tissue gas exchange in packet

pg 11-12

Each RBC has 4 hemoglobins

2 alpha 2 beta

heme is in every _______ molecule

iron

iron molecules bind to ________ molecules

oxygen

When blood has bound O2

oxyhemoglobin

When blood had bound CO2

carbaminohemoglobin

When blood had neither CO2 or 02

deoxyhemoglobin

________ are in carotid bodies and aortic arch, monitor lower pH as CO2 builds up it causes the pH to go lower

Chemoreceptors

_______ detect decrease in BP and cause respiratory rate to increase when BP increases

Baroreceptors

3 pair of nuclei in Respiratory Center

respiratory rhythmicity center apneustic center pneumotaxic center

sets pace for respiration

respiratory rhythmicity center

causes strong inhalation movements

apneustic center

causes strong exhalation and inhibits the apneustic center

pneumotaxic center