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AP2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Respiratory System

A
  1. Provides gas exchange between air and circulatory system
  2. Move air to and from exchange surface of lung
  3. Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature change, and infection
  4. Produce sounds for speaking and communication
  5. Provide olfactory sensation to CNS from nasal cavity
  6. Controls pH
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2
Q

Division of Respiratory

A

Upper Respiratory and Lower Respiratory

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3
Q

filters and humidifies incoming air

A

upper respiratory

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4
Q

contains delicate conductions surfaces and alveolar exchange surfaces

A

lower respiratory

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5
Q

the underlying layer of areolar

A

lamina propria

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6
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the nasal cavity

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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7
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the pharynx

A

Stratified squamous

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8
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the lower respiratory

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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9
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the alveoli

A

Simple squamous

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10
Q

the cilia of pseudostratified columnar cells sweep the passage and move mucus which has trapped debris

A

ciliary escalator system

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11
Q

cells that produce mucous

A

goblet cells ( simple columnar cells)

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12
Q

A disease that makes thick mucous that blocks air passage making O2 passage impossible

A

cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

external opening of nasal cavity

A

external nares (nostrils)

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14
Q

lies within nose is posterior region divided by septum

A

nasal cavity

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15
Q

part of the nasal cavity that is superior to nostrils, lined with skin, contains sebaceous glands and sweat glands, as well as vibrissae

A

vestibule

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16
Q

forms roof of mouth

A

hard and soft palate

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17
Q

nostril openings into throat

A

internal nares

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18
Q

mucous producing tissue, consisting of lamina propria and epithelial tissue

A

nasal mucosa

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19
Q

shared by the respiratory and digestive system

A

pharynx

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20
Q

3 sections of pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharnx

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21
Q

superior portion of nasal cavity, air passage way, epithelium produces mucous, houses pharyngeal tonsil

A

nasopharynx

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22
Q

middle portion of nasal cavity, air and food passage way, epithelium changes to deal w/ abrasive food, houses palatine and lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx

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23
Q

area between hyoid bone and esophagus, increases mucosal surface area exposed to air and enhance air turbulence in nasal cavity

A

laryngopharynx

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24
Q

voice box, protects glottis, attaches to hyoid bone

A

larynx

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25
Q

Functions of Layrnx

A

provides open air pathway
acts as switching mechanism to properly route air
produces vocal sounds

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26
Q

large unpaired cartliage

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

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27
Q

small paired cartliage

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneform

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28
Q

larynx folds

A

inelastic vestibular fold

vocal folds

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29
Q

When swallowing the glottis is closed by the _______ and covered by the epiglottis

A

vestibular folds

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30
Q

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the ________ producing sound waves

A

vocal folds

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31
Q

When a person swallows muscles in the neck and _______ position and stabilize the ________

A

pharynx, larynx

32
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A

Extends form c6- t5
tough and flexible, running from larynx to bronchi
held by 15-20 c shaped tracheal cartliages
trachea branches at t7 into left bronchi

33
Q

Splits the carina, creating primary bronchi

A

trachea

34
Q

branch into secondary bronchi

A

primary bronchi

35
Q

branch into tertiary bronchi

A

secondary bronchi

36
Q

branch into single bronchopulmonary segment

A

tertiary bronchi

37
Q

branch into bronchioles

A

smaller bronchi

38
Q

have only only smooth muscle, no cartilage, branch into alveoli where gas exchange takes place

A

bronchiloes

39
Q

Lungs are located in ______ cavities

A

pleura

40
Q

Pleura that covers external lung surface

A

visceral pleura

41
Q

pleura that covers thoracic wall and superior surface of diaphram

A

parietal pleura

42
Q

produced by pleura, lubricating secretions

A

pleural fluid

43
Q

space between pleura, where pleural fluid is located

A

pleural space

44
Q

2 cells found in lungs

A

septal cells

alveolar macrophages

45
Q

septal cells

A

produce a surfactant to keep lungs moist

46
Q

alveolar macrophage

A

engulf foreign objects

47
Q

when holding breath the pressure outside equals the pressure inside lungs

A

P outside = P inside (holding breath)

48
Q

diaphragm is contracted moving it downward, this allows lungs to expand, as lung volume expands pressure inside lungs becomes lower then pressure outside

A

P outside > P inside (inhale)

49
Q

diaphragm is relaxed causing it to move upward, this reduces lung cavity, lung volume is reduced, as lung reduces volume pressure inside is increased

A

P outside

50
Q

Resting tidal volume

A

(TV) amount of air you move in or out of lungs during one breath in resting condition

51
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

(ERV) the extra air that can be expelled after a normal respiratory cycle

52
Q

Residual volume

A

(RV) amount of air that remains in lungs after maximum inhalation

53
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

(IRV) extra amount of air that can be taken in over normal tidal volume

54
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

(TV+IRV) amount of air you can draw in after normal respiration

55
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

(ERV+RV) amount of air remaining in lungs after normal respiration

56
Q

vital capacity

A

(TV+ERV+IRV) maximum amount of air you can move in and out in a single respiratory volume

57
Q

Total lung capacity

A

(vital capacity + residual volume) total volume in lungs

58
Q

Respiratory Minute Volume (VE)

A

(VE = f X VT) the volume of air moved each minute

59
Q

this is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract

A

pulmonary ventilation

60
Q

the primary function of pulmonary ventilation is to provide adequate air for _____________

A

alveoli respiration

61
Q

this is the movement of gases between alveoli and bloodstream

A

alveoli ventilation

62
Q

the primary function of this ventilation is to prevent CO2 build up in ______ and to keep good 02 supply in _____

A

alveoli ; bloodstream

63
Q

Gases will always move from ______ pressure to______ pressure

A

high ; low

64
Q

Gas exchange occurs in 2 locations

A

Lungs

Tissue

65
Q

Review Lung and Tissue gas exchange in packet

A

pg 11-12

66
Q

Each RBC has 4 hemoglobins

A

2 alpha 2 beta

67
Q

heme is in every _______ molecule

A

iron

68
Q

iron molecules bind to ________ molecules

A

oxygen

69
Q

When blood has bound O2

A

oxyhemoglobin

70
Q

When blood had bound CO2

A

carbaminohemoglobin

71
Q

When blood had neither CO2 or 02

A

deoxyhemoglobin

72
Q

________ are in carotid bodies and aortic arch, monitor lower pH as CO2 builds up it causes the pH to go lower

A

Chemoreceptors

73
Q

_______ detect decrease in BP and cause respiratory rate to increase when BP increases

A

Baroreceptors

74
Q

3 pair of nuclei in Respiratory Center

A

respiratory rhythmicity center
apneustic center
pneumotaxic center

75
Q

sets pace for respiration

A

respiratory rhythmicity center

76
Q

causes strong inhalation movements

A

apneustic center

77
Q

causes strong exhalation and inhibits the apneustic center

A

pneumotaxic center

AP2 (7 decks)

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