Chapter 20 Cardiovascular Flashcards
Blood
maintains homeostasis by moving, heart moves the blood
Heart beats 100,000 times per day, enough to fill 40- 55 drums
Pulmonary Circuit
transports blood to/from lungs back to heart
Systemic Circuit
transports blood to and from the rest of the body
Coronary Circuit
transport blood to provide nutrients to cardiac cells
arteries(efferent vessels)
carries blood away from heart, normally carries 02
veins (afferent vessels)
carries blood back to heart, normally C02
small thin membrane vessel, also called exchange vessels because these exchange gases with the cells
capillaries
Location of the Heart
located near anterior chest wall, slightly to left of mid-line, apex inferior part of heart, base superior part of heart
The Heart consists of
- Outer covering
- Inner walls
- Chambers
- Valves
Outer covering of heart
Pericardium
The Pericardium is made up of 2 membranes
Fibrous membrane
Serous membrane
forms the superficial layer, made up of dense irregular tissue
Fibrous membrane
thinner more delicate layer, made up of two sublayers:
Serous Membrane
Parietal layer- layer directly under fibrous layer, lines the inner surface of pericardial sac
Serous viscersal- innermost layer, also called epicardium cover the out surface of the heart
Serous membrane sublayers
the area between Parietal layer and serous visceral layer
Pericardial cavity
fills the area between (pericardial cavity) these two linings to reduce friction as the heart beats
Pericardial fluid
Heart Wall Has 3 Layers
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
outer layer heart, also called Serous visceral layer
Myocardium
muscular wall of heart that forms atria and ventricles, middle layer, made up of cardiac muscle (involantary striated)
Endocardium
inner layer made up of simple squamous, covers tendons and valves
connected by “intercalated disks” (double membrane that connects two adjacent cells which allows the contraction command to be passed from cell to cell through gap junctions. Smaller then skeletal muscle cells, has single centrally located nucleus, branching connections between cardiac cells.
Cardiac muscle cells
receives blood from systemic circuit and passes to right ventricle
Right Atrium
pumps blood into pulmonary circuit
Right Ventricle
receives blood from pulmonary circuit and passes to left ventricle
Left atrium