Respiratory System Flashcards
Draw out a diagram and label the organs..
Nasal cavity Trachea Rib Intercostal muscles Bronchus Bronchioles Lungs Alveolus Diaphragm Heart
What are the two functions of the respiratory system?
- Get oxygen into the blood
2. Remove carbon dioxide from the blood
What is inspiration?
Breathing in
What is Expiration?
Breathing out
What happens first during Inspiration?
- INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES contract and the RIB CAGE moves up and out
What is the 2nd stage of Inspiration?
- Diaphragm CONTRACTS, moves DOWN and FLATTENS
What is the 3rd stage of Inspiration?
- VOLUME of THORAX increases (thoracic volume)
What is the step after the thorax volume increases (inspiration)?
- PRESSURE inside the thorax DECREASES
What is the last stage of inspiration?
- LUNGS inflate and draw air into the LUNGS
What is the first stage of Expiration?
- Intercostal muscles RELAX, rib cage moves DOWN and IN
What happens in the second stage of Expiration?
- Diaphragm RELAXES and moves UP
What happens in Expiration after the diaphragm moves up?
- Volume of thorax DECREASES
When doing Expiration what happens after the thorax volume has decreased?
- Pressure inside thorax DECREASES
What is the last thing that happens in Expiration?
- Air is pushed OUT of the lungs
List the things used to model the Respiratory System..
Glass tube through cork
Balloon
Bell jar
Rubber sheet
What does the bell jar represent in Respiratory system?
HOW?
Differences?
Ribcage
Approx the same shape
No muscles attached to ribs so it’s rigid, cannot move up & down/ in & out
What does the balloon represent in the Respiratory System model?
HOW?
Differences..
Lung
Inflates and deflates
Single bag (not series of tubes/terminal alveoli Balloon does not fill space/stick to Ribcage
What does the rubber sheet represent in the Respiratory System model?
HOW?
Differences…
Diaphragm
Domed up position matches when air exhaled
Pulls down further than flat
Has to be pushed in/out by us
What does the tube into balloon represent in the Respiratory System model?
HOW?
Differences…
Trachea
Windpipe is wide tube conducting air into lungs
Not held open by horseshoe shaped stiffening rings
What are Alveoli?
Respiratory Surface of the lungs
What are the alveoli full of?
What are the alveoli covered in?
Air
Covered on the outside by blood capillaries
Where does oxygen diffuse?
Across the walls of the alveoli from the air into the blood
Where does Carbon dioxide diffuse?
Across the walls of the alveoli from the blood into the air in the alveoli
Why has the alveoli adapted to have good blood supply?
So more gases can be exchanged
Why does the alveoli adapt to have a large surface area for gaseous exchange?
Increases gaseous exchange
Why has the alveoli adapted to gaseous exchange by having thin walls?
Gases can pass through by DIFFUSION much easier
Why has alveoli adapted to gaseous exchange by having a moist lining?
To DISSOLVE oxygen so that it can DIFFUSE through the alveolus wall
What lines the walls of your lungs?
Cilia
What is cilia?
Air you breathe contains dust/bacteria/viruses.
Alveoli is delicate so cilia cleans air before it reaches them
Cilia moves the mucus out of the lungs and into the back of your throat by doing a wave motion with the small hairs
You swallow the mucus and acid in the stomach destroys any bacteria
