Respiratory System

Question 1

What contains alveoli

Answer 1

*Respiratory Bronchioles
*Alveolar Ducts
*Alveolar Sacs

Question 2

What is our cut off from conduction to respiration

Answer 2

Conduction ends with bronchioles and respiration begins at the repiratory bronchioles (where alveoli begin)

Question 3

Conducting passages deliver :
• Are lined by a______
• Have a wall stabilized by ________
• Produce______ secretions

Answer 3

clean, warm and moist air

mucosa

bone, cartilage or muscle

seromucous

Question 4

The lining membrane of cavities (e.g., lumens of tubular
organs) that have a connection to the exterior of the
body is called a_____

Answer 4

Mucosa

(Respiratory passageways are examples of musoca)

Question 5

3 things mucosa provides

Answer 5

• An immunological & physical barrier
• A source of secretory products
• A selective absorptive interface

Question 6

Consistent Components of a Mucosa Include:
_______– at the surface
________ – a CT layer that supports the epithelium

Answer 6

Epithelium

Lamina Propria

Question 7

Nasal Cavity:

Epithelium are:
Lamina Propria have:

Answer 7

• ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells
• seromucous glands and venous plexus

Question 8

Particlesa removed from mucosa via:

how can these get damaged?

Answer 8

Glands and Cilia Interact to Remove Particulates from the Mucosa (mucociliary elevator)

Smoking and other irritants decrease effectiveness of this, also have Primary ciliary diskenisias

Question 9

Respiratory Epithelium are made up of:

Answer 9

• Columnar Cells*
• Goblet Cells*
• Basal Cells*
• Small Granule Cells
• Brush Cells

Question 10

How would you classify respiratory epithelium?

Answer 10

pseudostratified columna

Question 11

What is included in Olfactory Epithelium?

Answer 11

• Olfactory Cells
• Supporting Cells
• Basal Cells
• Brush Cells

Question 12

What special cell do we see in the nasopharnyx?

Answer 12

lymphocytes… the adenoids are located here under free layers of epithelium

Question 14

Fluid can accumulate here and can affect the voice

Answer 14

Reinkes space

Question 15

True vocal cord is lined with:

Answer 15

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

The lingual surface of the larnyx has ________

the Pharnygeal side of the larynx has ______

Answer 17

stratified squamous epithelium

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

Question 18

Which way are the cartilagenous C rings in the trachea facing?

Answer 18

opening is posterior and adjacent fo the esophagus

Question 19

Describe the components seen on bronchi histology

Answer 19

Primary to tertiary bronchi

See respiratory epithelium: pseudostratidied columnar epithelium

underneath is Lamina Propria

under is smoot muslce with mast cells (issues d/t hitsamines)

Question 20

What is the structure that provides support in the bronchioles?

What is the role of Clara cells?

Answer 20

Bronchioles have smooth muscle, no cartiledge

*Clara cells in terminal bronchioles are SECRATORY to keep alveoli from collapsing and fusing during respiration

Question 21

What do the mucosa of nasal vestibule, oropharnyx, vocal folds and respiratory passageways of smokers have in common?

Answer 21

A covering of stratified squamous epithelium (get metaplasia or transition from pseudostratified–>stratified)

Question 22

Smooth muscle is the primary support structure for the wall in which tissue?

Answer 22

Bronchioles

Question 23

Chronic bronchitis, cycstic fibrosis and Bronchial carcinoma are all examples of clincal conditions affect

Answer 23

Intrapulmonary conducting airways

Question 24

As we go from conduction to respiratory system, what happens to epithelium?

Reticular fibers?

Answer 24

Epithelium decreases

reticular fibers increase

Question 25

Respiratory Subdivisions: 1. A Terminal Bronchiole & the lung tissue it supplies 2. Portion of the lung supplied by a respiratory Bronchiole

Answer 25

Pulmonary Lobule Pulmonary Acinus

Question 26

Whats the difference between Type I and Type II alveolar pneumocytes?

Answer 26

Type I: covers majority of the surface of the alveoli but only 40% of total cell Type II: larger cell, more numerous, lamellae body, makes surfactant and is 60% total

Question 27

What are the contents of Surfactant secreated by Type II pneumocytes

Answer 27

**Phospholipid** - Phosphotidylcholine -Phosphotidylglycerol **Proteins** S**urfactant Proteins A,B,C,D ** **Antioxidants**

Question 28

What part of the surfactant is active in reducing surface tension?

Answer 28

Phospholipids

Question 29

The capillary endothelial cells is make of :

Answer 29

ACE to convert Ang I --\> Ang II There is collagen fibrils and elsastin withing the alveolar wall

Question 30

Where you see the capillary epithelium thin and almost fused

Answer 30

Blood-Air barrier of the alveolar septum, very thin

Question 31

Macrophages inside the lungs are called: what are they when they transition out? What can they become during a pathologic process?

Answer 31

alveolar macrophages dust cells heart fail cells

Question 32

ARDS, Intertitial fibrosis, emphysema and lung cancer and infections are all clinical conditions affecting the:

Answer 32

Respiratory passages

Question 33

• Most conducting passageways lined with

Answer 33

ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells = respiratory epithelium

Question 34

• In terminal bronchioles goblet cells replaced by

Answer 34

multifunctional Clara cells

Question 36

* Respiratory **system** is lined with a: * Respiratory **passageways** contain:

Answer 36

mucosa alveoli

Question 37

contains capillaries and small amounts of elastic and reticular fibers as well as fibroblasts and macrophages

Answer 37

• Alveolar wall or septum

Question 38

* Alveoli lined with thin type \_\_\_cells and larger type \_\_\_cells * Type\_\_\_\_cells produce components of pulmonary surfactant

Answer 38

I II II

Question 39

Blood-air barrier consists of what 3 components?

Answer 39

type I epithelial cell, BM-BM, capillary endothelial cell