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SEM IV - Rad Pathology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

External respiration - exchange between air in lungs and blood

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1
Q

Respiration

A

Exchange of gasses (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment

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2
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Internal respiration - use of oxygen by cells for metabolism

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3
Q

Upper respiratory tract consists of ?

A

Nose, pharynx, and larynx

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4
Q

The lower respiratory tract consists of ?

A

Trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

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5
Q

The nose consists of

A

Nares, turbinate bones, and nasal cavity

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6
Q

Nares

A

Openings for air flow

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7
Q

Turbinate bones are covered in

A

Mucous membranes

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8
Q

The right and left side of the nasal cavity are divided by

A

A septum

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9
Q

Nasal septum consists of what bones?

A

Vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

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10
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity divides

A

The nasal and oral cavities

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11
Q

Soft palate

A

Attached soft tissue structures (uvula)

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12
Q

The function of turbinate bones/nasal conchae

A

Mix, moisten, warm, filter

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13
Q

The three sets of nasal conchae include

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

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14
Q

The Paranasal sinuses contain

A

Four pairs of sinuses close to the nose which drain into the nasal cavity

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15
Q

The function of Paranasal sinuses include

A

To provide mucous for respiratory tract, lighten the skull, resonate sound

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16
Q

The different Paranasal sinuses include

A

Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

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17
Q

The pharynx is divided into three portions which are

A

Naso, Oro, and Laryngo

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18
Q

The pharynx aka

A

Throat which allows passage of food and air, and contains the tonsils

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19
Q

Eustachian tubes

A

Equalize air pressure between the middle ear and pharynx

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20
Q

Tonsils

A

Three pair within the throat, masses of lymphatic tissue (pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual)

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21
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils aka

A

Adenoids

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22
Q

The larynx aka

A

The voice box which is composed of cartilage and contains the vocal cords

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23
Q

The true vocal cords

A

Vibrate with the passage of air

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24
Q

The glottis is the space between

A

The true vocal cords

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25
Q

The false vocal cords

A

Vestibular folds

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26
Q

The trachea

A

Aka the windpipe, 4-5” in length which bifurcates at the carina

27
Q

15-20 C-ring cartilage hold the

A

Trachea open and allows for esophagus/bolus

28
Q

The bronchial tree consists of

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles, and terminal bronchi

29
Q

Primary bronchi aka

A

Main stem

30
Q

Secondary bronchi aka

A

Lobar bronchi

31
Q

Tertiary bronchi aka

A

Segmental bronchi

32
Q

The alveolus contains

A

Terminal air sac, epithelial tissue, millions of alveoli surrounded by capillaries

33
Q

The terminal air sac resembles

A

A bunch of grapes

34
Q

Epithelial tissue in the alveolus is

A

Single cell thick, 1 micron (1/100th of an inch)

35
Q

Gas exchange occurs at

A

The alveoli

36
Q

Respiration occurs at the alveoli through the process of

A

Diffusion

37
Q

Diffusion is a passive process so…

A

No energy is spent by the cells

38
Q

Diffusion is

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a lower area

39
Q

Red blood cells can carry

A

Gasses, both oxygen and carbon dioxide

40
Q

The normal life span of a red blood cell is

A

120 days

41
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Hemo - iron
Globin - pigment
“Iron pigment”

42
Q

The lungs

A

The organs of respiration containing the apex, base, hilum, costophrenic angle, and mediastinum

43
Q

The right lung has ? lobes

A

3 - superior, middle, and inferior

44
Q

The left lung has ? lobes

A

2 - superior and inferior

45
Q

The fissures of the lungs separate the

A

Lobes of the lungs

46
Q

The lobes of the lungs further divide into

A

Segments

47
Q

The right lung contains ? segments

A

10

48
Q

The left lung contains ? segments

A

9

49
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membranes lining the lungs (visceral), and interior chest wall (parietal)

50
Q

Serous fluid functions

A

Lubrication, and surface tension (adhesive property of liquids)

51
Q

Muscles for breathing

A

Diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal

52
Q

With an inspiration

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contracts/flatten (chest volume increases)

53
Q

Increased chest volume means

A

Lower intra-thorax pressure (outside air rushes in to equalize pressure)

54
Q

With expiration

A

The diaphragm relaxes and domes, the intercostal muscles relax (chest volume decreases)

55
Q

Decreased chest volume means

A

Higher intra-thorax pressure (air in lungs rushes out to equalize pressure)

56
Q

The medulla oblangata and pons control

A

Involuntary respiration

57
Q

The cerebral cortex controls

A

Voluntary respiration

58
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal respiratory rate

59
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored or difficult breathing

60
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing, even temporarily as in sleep apnea

61
Q

Respiratory pathway

A

Nares > nasal cavity (nasal conchae) > pharynx (naso, oro, lyrango) > larynx > trachea (carina) > primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > tertiary bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchi > alveoli > GAS EXCHANGE!

62
Q

The right lung is about 1” shorter than the left because

A

Due to the large space occupied by the liver

63
Q

The right lung is broader than the left because

A

Due to the large space occupied by the heart

64
Q

Each lung has

A

A rounded apex that reaches above the clavicles and a broad base that rests upon the diaphragm

65
Q

The lateral margins of the lung base are called the

A

Costophrenic angles

66
Q

The lungs are composed of a light spongy elastic tissue called the

A

Parenchyma

SEM IV - Rad Pathology (6 decks)

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