Chap. 1 introduction Flashcards
Acute
Right now
Abscess
Pocket of pus (wbc’s)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Impairment of cellular immunity
Anaphylactic
Reactions are characterized by hypotension and vascular collapse (shock) with urticaria (hives), bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal adema
Atrophy
A reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue with a corresponding decrease in function
Additive pathology
Pathology that adds to tissue density
Autoimmune
of or relating to disease caused by antibodies or lymphocytes produced against substances naturally present in the body.
“the infection triggers an autoimmune response”
Benign
Grows in place, does not spread
Cancers
Collectively malignant tumors
Carcinoma
Tumor that develops from epithelial tissues
Chronic
Life long
Congenital
Existing at birth
Diagnosis
Determination of the disease that an individual has
Destructive pathology
Decreased tissue density imaged as black regions within tissue on a radiograph or computed tomogram.
Disease
Physical/chemical changes in tissue
Dysplasia
A loss in the uniformity of individual cells and their architectual orientation, typically associated with prolonged chronic irritation or inflammation
Etiology
The study of disease causes
Edema
Accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of body cavities
Grading
How likely to spread
Hematogenous spread
Travels by means of the bloodstream
Hematoma
Accumulation of blood trapped within body tissues
Hemorrhage
Implies rupture of a blood vessel
Hepatitis
Inflammatory disease of the liver
Hereditary
Transmitted to offspring through genes
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
Iatrogenic
Disease caused by a physician or treatment
Idiopathic
Disease whose underlying cause is unknown
Immune
Reaction of the body provides a powerful defense against invading organisms
Infarct
Death of tissue due to a lack of blood flow
Inflammation
The initial response of body tissue to local injury, including the four hallmarks - rumor, dolor, calor, edema
Rubor
Redness
Dolor
Pain
Calor
Warmth
Edema
Swelling
Ischemia
Decreased blood to tissue
Lesion
Physical or biochemical changes within a cell
Lymphatic spread
The major metastatic route of carcinomas, especially those of the lung and breast
Malignant
Growth that wants to spread (and usually does)
Metastasize
To spread by metastasis (spread of disease to another organ or tissue in the body)
Mutations
Alterations in the DNA structure that may become permanent hereditary changes
Neoplasia
Any new and abnormal growth, especially when the growth is uncontrolled and progressive
Nosocomial
Infections contracted in the acute care facility
Oncology
The study of neoplasms
Parenchyma
Essential tissue of an organ
Pathogenesis
Sequence of events that renders the disease apparent
Pathology
The study of disease
Permeable/permeability
Allows fluids/cells to pass from one tissue to another tissue or location
Prognosis
Predicted course of a disease and the prospects of recovery
Pyogenic
Thick, yellow fluid called pus (dead WBC)
Sarcoma
Tumor that develops from connective tissues
Signs
Something that you see visually
Symptoms
Something the patient tells you about how they feel and you cannot see (dizziness, headache, etc)
Staging
How far has it spread
Syndrome
Indicates the presence of a combination of symptoms that commonly occur together and are related to a single cause
Toxoid
Chemically altered toxin
Vaccine
Low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or virus
The accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the spaces between cells or in body cavities is termed
Edema
____________ is the process by which white blood cells surround and digest infectious organisms.
Phagocytosis
A tumor like scar is referred to as a(n)
Keloid
Inflammation with pus formation is termed
Supperative
An interruption in the blood supply to an organ or body part is referred to as
Ischemia
A localized area of ischemic necrosis in an organ or tissue is termed a(n)
Infarct
A swelling caused by bleeding into an enclosed area is termed
Hematoma
A decrease in function of an organ or tissue because of a reduction in the size or number of cells is termed
Atrophy
The term _______________ means new growth
Neoplasia
The term for benign epithelial neoplasms that have a gland like appearance is
Adenoma
The study of determinants of disease events in given population is
Epidemiology
Statistically _______________ reflects the number of deaths by disease per population
Mortality
The rate that an illness or abnormality occurs is called
Morbidity
Gowns, gloves, masks, shoe covers, and eye protection used to prevent transmission of potential infectious agents are
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
_______________ determines the additional protective equipment needed to prevent the spread of highly infectious pathogens through contact, droplet, or airborne transmissions
Transmission based precautions
