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Embryology BLOCK 2 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

upper respiratory system consists of what

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • oropharynx
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2
Q

lower respiratory system has what

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs
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3
Q

first sign of respiratory development is where

A

reparatory diverticulum

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4
Q

distal end of the respiratory diverticulum firms what

A

the lung bud

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5
Q

the respiratory diverticulum eventually divides into..

A

tracheoesophageal folds

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6
Q

tracheoesophageal folds fuse in the midline to do what

A

form the tracheoesophageal septum

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7
Q

the forgut divides into a ventral and a dosal section what are they

A

trachea-venterally

esophagus- dorsally

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8
Q

the opening of the respiratory diverticulum into the foregut becomes

A

the laryngeal orifice

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9
Q

where do laryngeal muscles derive from where

A

endoderm

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10
Q

where do the laryngeal muscle derive from

A

somitomeric mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6

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11
Q

laryngeal muscles are innervated by which nerve

A

CN X vagus

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12
Q

what are the four laryngeal cartilages

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • artyenoid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
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13
Q

the laryngeal cartilages originate from were

A

mesoderm of the 4 and 6th pharyngeal arches

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14
Q

what is laryngeal atresia?

A

this is when the larynx fails to go through recanalization causing there to be an obstruction of the upper fetal airway

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15
Q

CHAOS

A

congenital high airway obstruction syndrome

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16
Q

what happens to the airway under the stenosis in laryngeal atreasia

A

it becomes enlarged and filled with fluid and there is fetal ascites ( accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity)

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17
Q

hydrops

A

accumulation of fluid in intracellular spaces and causes severe edema

18
Q

endodermal lining of the layngeotracheal tube turns into what

A

the epithelium and glands of the trachea and pulmonary epithelium

19
Q

what makes the cartilage of the trachea and the connective tissue and the muscles of the trachea

A

the splanchic mesenchyme

20
Q

TEF- tracheoesophageal fistula

A

this is abnormal communication between trachea and esophagus

21
Q

what is the most common anomaly of the lower respiratory system

A

TEF

22
Q

what are some clinical features of TEF

A
  • excessive accumulation of saliva and mucus in nose or mouth
  • gagging and cyanosis after swallowing
  • abdominal distension after crying
  • reflux of gastric content to the lungs
23
Q

when do the two bronchial buds enlarge to form main bronchi

A

week 5

24
Q

main bronchi is divided into what

A

lobar bronchi

25
Q

you can see the primary bronchi when

A

week 5

26
Q

which main bronchus is larger

A

the right one

27
Q

foreign bodies usually eneter which bronchus

A

the right

28
Q

the visceral mesoderm that covers the bronchi develops into what

A

visceral pleura

29
Q

somatic mesoderm from the inside of the body wall develops into what

A

parietal pluera

30
Q

lobar bronchi (right and left) seperate into what

A

segmental bronchi

31
Q

what aerates specific portions of the lung

A

segmental bronchi

32
Q

Congenital Lobar Emphysema (CLE)

A

this is when there is overdistension of the pulmonary lobes with air. and deviates the mediastiunum

33
Q

what are the four stages of lung develppment

A
  • pseudoglandular stage(6-16)
  • canalicular stage(16-26)
  • terminal sac stage(26-birth)
  • alveolar stage(32 weeks to 8 years old
34
Q

what is aeration at birth

A

when the replacement of lung liquid with air in babies lung occurs

35
Q

what is FRC filled with what in fetal stage,

A

liquid that is secreated by lung epithelium

36
Q

hyaline membrane disease is the same as

A

RDS

37
Q

what is hyaline membrane disease caused by

A

a deficency in surfactant

38
Q

what coats the inside of the alveoli to maintain alveolar patency

A

surfactant

39
Q

RDS is prevalent in who

A

premature infants
moms with diabetes
hypoxic fetus
multiple births

40
Q

what is the site of proliferation neuronal and glial precursors in the brain

A

germinal matrix hemorrhage

41
Q

what are some clinical signs of RDS

A
  • dyspnea
  • tachypnea
  • inspiratory retraction of chest
  • cyanosis

Embryology BLOCK 2 (4 decks)

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