Gential System Flashcards
what happens to the inguinal canal after process vaginalis takes place?
it closes around the spermatcord
what allows the testes to move transabdominally
atrophy of the mesonephric ducts
what week have the testes descended?
week 26
hysterosalpinography is used for what
to diagnose if there is something wrong in the uterine tubes or uterus, for someone who has had multiple miscarriages
double uterus?
inferior parts of the paramesonephric duct fails to fuse can have double or single vagina
bicarbonate uterus means what
duplication of the superior part of the uterus
unicornate ureters
one paramesonephric duct fails to form, leaving only one uterine tube
double utuers refers to?
failure of the inferior parts of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse.
have double or single vagina
where does the urethra open in agenesis of external genitalia
into the perineum near the anus
anamalies of the uterine tube, uterus and vagina are due to what?
three things
incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric duct
failure for parts to develop
incomplete canalization of the vagina plate to form the vagina
what is the most common cause of female pseudohermaphroidism
ACH-adrenocortical hyperplasia
the labia fuses and there is hypertrophy of the clitoris making it look like a penis but genotype is still 46XX
what is male pseudohermaphroditism due to? (46 XY)
due to the inadequate production of testosterone and MIS by fetal testes.
what is a true hermaphrodite?
someone who has ovarian AND testicular tissue in the same or opposite gonads
are ovaires and testes functiona in true hermaphrodites?
no
True hermaphroditism percentages
70- 46Xx
20- 46 XX/46XY
10- 46xy
When can you truly document if a fetus is a boy or girl?
22-36 weeks
Genotype is established when
At fertilization
Embryo is sexually indifferent in what weeks
Week 1 to week 6
Phenotypic sexual differentiation begins when
Week 7
The three sources that the gonads derive from
Mesothelium (lines posterior abdominal wall)
Mesenchyme
Primordial germ cells
Initial period of development is called?
Sexual development or indifferent stage
What happens in week 5 in regards to the gonads
The mesothelium of the medial side of the mesonephros thickens, it prliferates and makes the gonadal ridge
Gonadal cords do what
Grow into the underlying mesenchyme
When do cells enter the underlying mesenchyme and are incorporated with the gonadal cords
Week 6
Male phenotype is determined by what
TDF- testies determining factor
Due to TDF what happens to the gonadal cords
They become seminiferous cords
What determines male sexual differntiation
Testosterone and ADH
Primary female differentiation depends on what
Not hormones! It will happen even if ovaries are not present
TDF makes the gonadal cords do what in the medulla
Extend and form rete testes
What happens to the primary sex cord in men
It extends into the medulla and becomes the tunica albugenia
Seminiferous tubules are separated by mesenchyme that has what
Leydig cells
When do leydig cells secrete the androgen hormones testosterone and Androstenedione, the hormones that induce masculine differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia
Week 8
aMH-
Antimullerian hormone
Female duct is called?
Make duct is called?
Mullerian
Wollfian
What produces AMH
Sertoli cells
What does AMH do
It surprises the paramsonephric ducts from developing to form the uterus and uterine tube
Seminiferous tubules remain solid with no lumen until when
Puberty
What are the two cells in the walls of the seminiferous tubules
Sertoli and spermatogonia
Seritoli comes from surface epithelium of testes
Spermatogonia comes from primordial germ cells
When do the gonadal cords appear for female
And they extend to form what
Week 10 form rete ovarii
What week do the cortical cords break up into isolated cell clusters and form ongoing covered in follicular cells
Week 16
Oocytes (primary)
5 month 7million
Birth- 2 million
Puberty 40,000
When do the genital ducts develop , mullerian or wolffian
Week 5 or 6
When do leydig cells produce testosterone?
Sertoli - aMH?
Week 8
week 7/6
hCG stimulates what
Testosterone production
Testosterone does what to the mesonephric ducts
Induces them to become highly convoluted and form epididymis
In the absence of aMH what happens
Müllerian ducts form
Myometrium comes from
Splanchnic mesenchyme
Urogenital sinus and vagina are separated by?
Hymen
Gartners duct,
Remnants of mesonephric duct in adult women
Remnants of the mesonephric tubules in women are
Epoophron and paroophoron
Genital tubercal develops from proliferation of mesenchyme when
Week 4
