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Embryology BLOCK 2 > Gential System > Flashcards

Gential System Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to the inguinal canal after process vaginalis takes place?

A

it closes around the spermatcord

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2
Q

what allows the testes to move transabdominally

A

atrophy of the mesonephric ducts

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3
Q

what week have the testes descended?

A

week 26

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4
Q

hysterosalpinography is used for what

A

to diagnose if there is something wrong in the uterine tubes or uterus, for someone who has had multiple miscarriages

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5
Q

double uterus?

A

inferior parts of the paramesonephric duct fails to fuse can have double or single vagina

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6
Q

bicarbonate uterus means what

A

duplication of the superior part of the uterus

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7
Q

unicornate ureters

A

one paramesonephric duct fails to form, leaving only one uterine tube

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8
Q

double utuers refers to?

A

failure of the inferior parts of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse.

have double or single vagina

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9
Q

where does the urethra open in agenesis of external genitalia

A

into the perineum near the anus

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10
Q

anamalies of the uterine tube, uterus and vagina are due to what?

three things

A

incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric duct

failure for parts to develop

incomplete canalization of the vagina plate to form the vagina

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of female pseudohermaphroidism

A

ACH-adrenocortical hyperplasia

the labia fuses and there is hypertrophy of the clitoris making it look like a penis but genotype is still 46XX

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12
Q

what is male pseudohermaphroditism due to? (46 XY)

A

due to the inadequate production of testosterone and MIS by fetal testes.

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13
Q

what is a true hermaphrodite?

A

someone who has ovarian AND testicular tissue in the same or opposite gonads

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14
Q

are ovaires and testes functiona in true hermaphrodites?

A

no

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15
Q

True hermaphroditism percentages

A

70- 46Xx
20- 46 XX/46XY
10- 46xy

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16
Q

When can you truly document if a fetus is a boy or girl?

A

22-36 weeks

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17
Q

Genotype is established when

A

At fertilization

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18
Q

Embryo is sexually indifferent in what weeks

A

Week 1 to week 6

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19
Q

Phenotypic sexual differentiation begins when

A

Week 7

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20
Q

The three sources that the gonads derive from

A

Mesothelium (lines posterior abdominal wall)

Mesenchyme

Primordial germ cells

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21
Q

Initial period of development is called?

A

Sexual development or indifferent stage

22
Q

What happens in week 5 in regards to the gonads

A

The mesothelium of the medial side of the mesonephros thickens, it prliferates and makes the gonadal ridge

23
Q

Gonadal cords do what

A

Grow into the underlying mesenchyme

24
Q

When do cells enter the underlying mesenchyme and are incorporated with the gonadal cords

A

Week 6

25
Q

Male phenotype is determined by what

A

TDF- testies determining factor

26
Q

Due to TDF what happens to the gonadal cords

A

They become seminiferous cords

27
Q

What determines male sexual differntiation

A

Testosterone and ADH

28
Q

Primary female differentiation depends on what

A

Not hormones! It will happen even if ovaries are not present

29
Q

TDF makes the gonadal cords do what in the medulla

A

Extend and form rete testes

30
Q

What happens to the primary sex cord in men

A

It extends into the medulla and becomes the tunica albugenia

31
Q

Seminiferous tubules are separated by mesenchyme that has what

A

Leydig cells

32
Q

When do leydig cells secrete the androgen hormones testosterone and Androstenedione, the hormones that induce masculine differentiation of mesonephric ducts and external genitalia

A

Week 8

33
Q

aMH-

A

Antimullerian hormone

34
Q

Female duct is called?

Make duct is called?

A

Mullerian

Wollfian

35
Q

What produces AMH

A

Sertoli cells

36
Q

What does AMH do

A

It surprises the paramsonephric ducts from developing to form the uterus and uterine tube

37
Q

Seminiferous tubules remain solid with no lumen until when

A

Puberty

38
Q

What are the two cells in the walls of the seminiferous tubules

A

Sertoli and spermatogonia

Seritoli comes from surface epithelium of testes
Spermatogonia comes from primordial germ cells

39
Q

When do the gonadal cords appear for female

And they extend to form what

A

Week 10 form rete ovarii

40
Q

What week do the cortical cords break up into isolated cell clusters and form ongoing covered in follicular cells

A

Week 16

41
Q

Oocytes (primary)

A

5 month 7million
Birth- 2 million
Puberty 40,000

42
Q

When do the genital ducts develop , mullerian or wolffian

A

Week 5 or 6

43
Q

When do leydig cells produce testosterone?

Sertoli - aMH?

A

Week 8

week 7/6

44
Q

hCG stimulates what

A

Testosterone production

45
Q

Testosterone does what to the mesonephric ducts

A

Induces them to become highly convoluted and form epididymis

46
Q

In the absence of aMH what happens

A

Müllerian ducts form

47
Q

Myometrium comes from

A

Splanchnic mesenchyme

48
Q

Urogenital sinus and vagina are separated by?

A

Hymen

49
Q

Gartners duct,

A

Remnants of mesonephric duct in adult women

50
Q

Remnants of the mesonephric tubules in women are

A

Epoophron and paroophoron

51
Q

Genital tubercal develops from proliferation of mesenchyme when

A

Week 4

Embryology BLOCK 2 (4 decks)

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