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Embryology BLOCK 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the epithelial cells and glands in the gut

A

the endoderm of the primordial gut

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2
Q

early n development what does the epithelial lining of the gut do

A

proliferates and obliterates the lumen

RECANALIZATION

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3
Q

what is the epithelium of the cranial and caudal end of the gut derived from

A

ectoderm of the stomadeum and proctodeum

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4
Q 
pharynx
lower respiratory
esophagus and stomach
duodenum
liver 
and pancreas came from what gut
A

foregut

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5
Q

foregut is supplies by what artery

A

celiac trunk

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6
Q

what forms the folds that separate the esophagus from the trachea?

A

tracheoesophageal folds, later become the tracheoesophageal septum

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7
Q

what week does esophagus reach its final lenght

A

week 7

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8
Q

when does recanalization occur in the esophagus

A

week 8

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9
Q

striated muscle fo the esophagus is derived from what

A

mesenchyme of caudal pharyngeal arches

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10
Q

smooth muscle of the esophagus is derived from what

A

splanchnic mesenchyme

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11
Q

what are the muscles of the esophagus innervated by

A

CN 10 (vagus)

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12
Q

Esophageal Artresia

A

when there is an opening between esophagus and trachea

Esophagus ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to stomach

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13
Q

in 85% of the cases what also goes along with Esophageal Artresia

A

TEF

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14
Q

what percent of people ave congenital defects as well as esophageal atresia that are associated with VACTERL

A

33%

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15
Q

VACTERL

A 
V- vertebral defects
A- anal atresia
C- Cardiovascular Defects
TE- TEF
R- renal defects
L- limb (upper) defects
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16
Q

esophageal atresia results in the fetus not being able to swallow AMF leading to what?

A

polyhydraminos

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17
Q

I cant pass a catheter to the stomach through the esophagus, why?

A

esophageal atresia

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18
Q

esophageal stenosis

A

lumen narrows in the middle region and there is a threadlike lumen, during week 8 recanalization was supposed to be complete

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19
Q

esophageal duplication

A

starts as a cyst that is usually found on the lower esophagus, they can protrude into posterior mediastinum

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20
Q

in vascular compression of the esophagus, what usually blocks the esophagus

A

the right subclavian artery (abnormal origin)

- passes behind the esophagus and can cause dysphagia

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21
Q

what part of the stomach grows faster

A

dorsal portion has greater curvature

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22
Q

how much does the stomach rotate

A

90 degrees

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23
Q

stomach in innervated by?

A

right CN 10 dorsal

left CN 10 ventral

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24
Q

dorsal mensetary of stomach in clock wise rotation goes where and forms what

A

to the left and forms the greater omentum

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25
Q

what comes from visceral mesoderm in the stomach

A

muscularis layers
lamina propria
submucosa
mucosa muscularis

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26
Q

congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

thickening of the pylorus

circular and longitudinal muscles of the pyloric region are hypertrophic and narrow the lumen and obstruct food passage

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27
Q

effects of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A
  • projectile vomiting

- small palpable mass on the right side of body

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28
Q

children who have been exposed the antibiotic erythromycin get

A

congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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29
Q

how to treat congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

pyloroyotomy

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30
Q

dudoenum develops from what

A

caudal end of forgut and crania end of midgut and their splancnic mesenchyme

31
Q

what supplies the duodenum

A

celiac and SMA

32
Q

duodenal stenosis

what are the effects

A

partly occluded lumen because of failure of recanalization , stomach contents containing bile are thrown up

33
Q

duodenal atreia?
what happens because of it?
were is the blockage?

A

complete occlusion of the lumen!
blockage occurs where the bile and main pancreatic duct are. (hepatopancreatic Ampulla)
- omitting starts after birth and always has bile

34
Q

liver, gallbladder, and bile duct system come from where

A

distal part of forgut-hepatic diverticulum

35
Q

septum transversum is the primordia for what

A

esophagus

36
Q

congenital malformations of the liver are..

A

rare

37
Q

what is known to stretch the septum transversum to form the ventral mesentery that consist of the falsiform ligament and the lesser omentum?

A

liver

38
Q

what becomes ligamentum of teres

A

left umbilical vein

39
Q

what is in the hepatodudoenal lig

A

bile duct
portal vein
hepatic artery (portal triad)

40
Q

week 5-10 what happens to liver

A

fast growth

41
Q

week 6 what happens to liver

A

hematopoiesis starts (makes liver bright red)

42
Q

week 12 what happens to the liver

A

bile formation starts

43
Q

hepatic diverticulum has a connection to te forgut that narrows and becomes..

A

bile duct

44
Q

week 13 what happens in the duodenum

A

the bile duct enters it and gives mesconium green color (first poo)

45
Q

biliary atresia

what present with tis

A

ducts are replaced by fibrotic tissue
-jaundice is seen with this
and clay color stool
-dark urine(bile goes to the urine)

46
Q

avg. survival time w/o treatment of bile atresia

A

12-19 months

47
Q

what is the treatment for bile atresia

A

Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (liver transplant of a lobe from mom)

48
Q

what causes dorsal and ventral buds of pancreas to fuse

A

rotation of the duodenum

49
Q

what forms the ucinate proccess and the head of the pancreas

A

ventral pancreatic bud

50
Q

surroundingc.t and vascular components of the pancreas come from where

A

visceral mesoderm

51
Q

what happens in week 10 for the pancreas

A

insulin production begins

52
Q

what are the four pancreatic cells

A

aplha-glucogon
beta-insulin
delta-somatostatin
pp cells- pancreatic polypeptide

53
Q

annular pancreas

A

there is a ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum

double bouble sign-dilation of stomach and dudoenum

54
Q

pancreas divisum

A

have two pancreatic ducts, dorsal and ventral instead of one

55
Q

hyperplasia of pancreatic islets

at risk?

results?

A

when fetus is exposed to high blood glucose it cause hyperplasia and insulin secretion , increasing fat and glycogen in fetal tissue

-babies with diabetic mommy

  • increased birth weight (macrosomia)
  • episodes of hypoglycemia
56
Q

derivatives of the midgut are

A

-small i.
-disal duodenum
-cecum
appendix

57
Q

there is a physiological hernia in the umbilical region until when

A

week 10

58
Q

caudal limb of midgut forms?

cranial limb?

A
  • cecum swelling

- small intestine loops

59
Q

midgut loops around what

A

SMA

60
Q

congenital omphalocele

A

abdominal contents herniate through umpilical ring and are covered by smooth layer called peritoneum

61
Q

kids with congenitla opmhalocele have what else

A

lung and thoracic hypoplasia, too small

62
Q

trisomony 18 and 21 are associated with

A

congenital omphalocele

63
Q

umbilical herniation

A

intestines herniate thrugh umbilicus

it is a protruding mass that pushes out when the baby cries, coughs,

64
Q

gastroschisis

A

congenital abdominal wall defect (float in amniotic fluid)

-abdominal viscer are outside with no covering, the vicera are thick and have many adhesions

65
Q

meckel’s diverticulum

A

remnant of vitelline duct

  • outpouching of the ileum
  • can have gastric and pancreatic tissues
  • 40-50 cm from iliocecal junction
66
Q

urorectal septum develops wher

A

between allantois and hindgut

67
Q

week 7 what happens to urorectal septum

A

joins the cloacle membrane separating into anal membrane and urogenital membrane

68
Q

anal membrane ruptures when

A

week 7

69
Q

what happens at the white line in the anus

A

turns from columnar to stratified squamous

70
Q

anal canal supplied by what

A

superior rectal artery ( comes from IMA)

71
Q

what is the most common cause of neonatal obstructon of the colon

A

hirsprung disease

72
Q

imperforate anus

A

abnormal development of the urorectal septum

opening of the anus is blocked

73
Q

membranous atresia of anous

A

small membrane is covering the opening of the anus (blue color from meconium)

Embryology BLOCK 2 (4 decks)

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