Respiratory System Flashcards
*If there were a woman with lung cancer in the right lung at the clinical base and had the affected segment removed, what air conducting tube would be cut or tied off going to the bronchopulmonary segment?
tertiary bronchus
*At what rib does the clinical base of the lung extend to?
10?
*If there were a woman with lung cancer in the right lung at the clinical base and had the affected segment removed, where would the pleura be located in this area?
Rib 12
*If there were a woman with lung cancer in the right lung at the clinical base and had the affected segment removed, what is the potential space that is normally present in this area?
costodiaphragmatic recess
*If there were a woman with lung cancer in the right lung at the clinical base and had the affected segment removed, can there be fluid or excess fluid found here? Could this be a problem?
Yes, and air can too.
*There was a woman with lung cancer in the right lung at the clinical base and had the affected segment removed. Inflammation could cause pain in this area. Irritation of what structure could result in a sharp localized pain?
2 pieces of pleura can stick to each other, so that lungs do not work as well. If pain is sharp and localized it is somatic pain and would affect the parietal pleura (not visceral pleura).
*What is the trachea?
Tube that begins at the larynx and divides into the right and left primary bronchi. Consists of 16-20 incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage, which support the tube.
*what is the purpose of the hyaline cartilage on the trachea?
support the tube. Helps keep the trachea open or patent.
*Compare the right lung with the left with respect to the number of lobes and fissures in each lung. Name the lobes and fissures of each.
right lung has three lobes and three secondary bronchi. Left lung has two lobes and two secondary bronchi. Right lung has two fissures (oblique, which divides into middle and lower lobes, and horizontal, which divides into superior and middle lobes) and left lung has one fissure (oblique, which divides into superior and inferior lobes).
Contrast the number of tertiary bronchi in each lung.
The left lung is variable in the number of segments and bronchi. It may have 8-10 segments and/or 8-10 tertiary bronchi. The right lung has 10 segments and 10 tertiary bronchi.
Contrast the hilum of the left lung with that of the right lung
1
*what is the carina?
a process of cartilage formed at the bifurcation of the two primary bronchi of the trachea
what helps keeps the bronchi open?
cartilage plates
what is the difference between the right and left primary bronchi? What is the clinical significance of this?
right primary bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter. Aspirated objects tend to go through this passageway.
Where do the secondary bronchi go?
to the lobe of the lungs.
Where do the tertiary bronchi go?
to the bronchopulmonary segments.
What parts of the lung does the oblique fissure divide?
in the left lung the oblique fissure divides lung into upper and lower lobes. In the right lung the oblique fissure divides the lung into upper/middle and lower lobes.
What parts of the lung does the horizontal fissure divide?
In the right lung, the horizontal fissure divides the upper lobe into upper and middle lobes.
What is the lingula?
A tongue-like piece of lung around the heart found in the left lung.
How many secondary bronchi go to the left lung versus teh right lung?
three secondary bronchi go to the right lung and two go to the left lung.
Why are the bronchopulmonary segments important?
for surgery. a specific segment may be removed for a condition such as cancer. Each segment has arterial supply, which is the basis of the survival of the other segments. Each of the segments has a tertiary bronchi going to it.
What are the three segments of the upper lobe of the right lung?
apical, posterior, anterior
What are the two segments of the middle lobe of the right lung?
lateral and medial
What are the five segments of the lower lobe of the right lung?
superior, anterior, lateral basal, media basal, posterior basal.