respiratory system

Question 1

In humans, the gut is an outgrowth from the middle part of the gut. True of false?

Answer 1

False. It grows from upper part

Question 2

Two of the germ layers complete formation of the gut. The inner layer is lined with gut endoderm but surrounding tissues are lined with?

Answer 2

gut mesoderm

Question 3

The thorax has how many pairs of ribs?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

The lungs have two layers. What are the inner and outer layer called?

Answer 4

inner: visceral pleura
outer: parietal pleura (attached to inside of rib cage)

Question 5

What is the function of intrapleural fluid?

Answer 5

provides moisture, decrease friction, negative pressure

Question 6

The right lung has how many lobes?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

The left lung has how many lobes?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

The left lung lacks which fissure?

Answer 8

horizontal fissure

Question 9

Both lungs have what structures?

Answer 9

oblique fissure and cardiac notch

Question 10

In the lungs, what allows movement?

Answer 10

loose sleeve around hilum allows movement

Question 11

A disease, described by thinning and loss of elastic tissue, collapse of bronchioles and reduction of lung cavity, is called:

Answer 11

emphysema

Question 12

What is pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 12

lipoprotein secreted by cells to decrease pressure in lungs, and to prevent alveoli from collapsing and sticking together

Question 13

The ribs are attached to the sternum by?

Answer 13

costal cartilage

Question 14

Visceral and parietal layers of the pleura are continuous with one another at the root of the lung. True of False?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What does the hilum contain?

Answer 15

• One main bronchus
  • Autonomic Nerves
  • One pulmonary artery
  • Two pulmonary veins

Question 16

The visceral layer and the parietal layer cannot be continuous. True or false?

Answer 16

False. They can be made continuous at the hilum , which is at the root of the lungs

Question 17

How many days does it take before the lungs start budding off and dividing?

Answer 17

25

Question 18

When the intrapleural volume goes up, what happens to the pressure?

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

The lung movements are performed by which structures of the lungs?

Answer 19

ribcage, sternum, intercostal muscles, diaphragm

Question 20

The first pair of ribs are fixed by what muscles?

Answer 20

neck muscles

Question 21

The alveoli is rich in blood supplied by the?

Answer 21

pulmonary arteries

Question 22

oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via:

Answer 22

pulmonary veins

Question 23

At what age after birth, does multiplication of alveoli gradually stops?

Answer 23

8 yr old

Question 24

What happens to the volume and pressure during inspiration?

Answer 24

The volume increases, pressure decreases, and air is forced to move in. The lung expand until the pressure of inside and outside are the same

Question 25

To draw air into the lungs, the lung cavity must be expanded in all directions:

Answer 25

bilaterally, superiorly/ inferiorly, and anteroposteriorly

Question 26

What happen to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and ribs during inhalation?

Answer 26

• external intercostal muscles elevate ribs
• ribs pulled towards the first ribs
• sternum moves out
• diaphragm contracts and flattens
• inferior part of sternum moves anteriorly

Question 27

what happens to the intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and ribs during exhalation?

Answer 27

• transversus thoracis depresses ribs
• inferior part of the sternum moves posteriorly
• internal intercostal muscles pull ribs down
• diaphragm relaxes and returns to original position

Question 28

The diaphragm is made up of skeletal muscles and tendon. It is supplied by which nerves?

Answer 28

left and right phrenic nerves

Question 29

where are the phrenic nerves positioned?

Answer 29

originate from the neck through the thorax to reach the diaphragm

Question 30

Why are the phrenic nerves positioned weirdly?

Answer 30

the striated muscles of the diaphragm are originally made by neck mesoderm in the neck, as they migrate downwards, they drag the nerves with.