muscoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

epaxial muscles extend the spine and hypaxial muscles flex the spine. True of false

A

true

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2
Q

which differentiation of mesoderm surrounds the neural tube and notochord?

A

schlerotome

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3
Q

articulation of the spinal cord is made possible by two structures:

A

intervetebral discs and neural arch

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4
Q

the notochord is most degenerated in the spinal cord, but retains in the:

A

nucleus pulposus

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5
Q

The tissue surrouding the nucleus pulposus is called:

A

annulus fibrosus

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6
Q

What structure in the spinal cord herniates slipped disc?

A

nucleus pulposus

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7
Q

Each vertebrae is a component of one somite. true of false?

A

false. two somites

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8
Q

The myotome splits into two parts:

A

epimere and hypomere

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9
Q

The epimere forms the epaxial muscles. The hypomere forms:

A

hypaxial muscles and limb muscles

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10
Q

The epaxial muscles are supplied by the ventral rami of spinal nerve. true of false?

A

false. it is supplied by the dorsal rami.

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11
Q

human segmentation is most obvious in the:

A

somites and nephrons etc

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12
Q

The muscle blocks are innervated by the segmentally arranged spinal nerves. True or false

A

true

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13
Q

The segmental (somite based) development
of the skin dermis leaves a segmental
innervation pattern to the skin in the form of:

A

dermatomes

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14
Q

vertebral numbers increase in snakes and in frogs they:

A

decrease in numbers

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15
Q

All mammals have 7 vertebrae in the neck. True of false

A

true

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16
Q

vertebral regionalization: mammals develop a rib-less lumbar region to allow what action of the spine

A

dorsal ventral flexion

17
Q

If the somites are originally the same size and shape, how are their derivatives patterned to produce, for example, different vertebrae, with or without ribs?

A

by hox genes, differentiation